中国低煤阶煤层气地质特征研.docVIP

中国低煤阶煤层气地质特征研究* 王 勃 李景明1 张 义２,１ 王红岩1 刘洪林1 李贵中1 （1.中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院; 2.中国石油大学） 摘 要 长期以来，国内学者把煤层气的理论研究和勘探开发重点都放在了中、高煤阶煤储层，以至于低估了低煤阶煤储层煤层气的成藏潜力和开发前景。中国含煤盆地的地质构造背景要比美国复杂的多，煤层气的富集成藏有其自身的特点，而且多数煤田经历了不同期次、不同性质构造及其组合、应力－应变对煤储层的改造。这些因素造成低煤阶煤层气储层厚度大、层数多、含气量低、渗透性较好、煤层气资源量和资源丰度大等特点，厚度大而分布广泛的煤层及巨大的煤炭资源弥补了含气量小的缺点。如果构造、成煤环境及水文地质等主控因素能够有利匹配，有可能形成煤层气高产富集区，成为低煤阶煤层气勘探开发的首选目标区。 关键词 煤层气 低煤阶 渗透性 水文 成藏过程 特征 The Characteristics of Low Rank Coalbed Methane Reservoir Wang Bo1,Li Jingming1, Zhang Yi2,1,Wang Hongyan1, Liu Honglin1, Li Guizhong1 Langfang Branch, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC; 2. China University of Petroleum) Abstract: It is generally considered by domestic geologists that academic research and development should be focused on the mid to high rank coal seams, thus the reservoiring potential and exploitation prospect of low rank coal bed methane are underestimated. The geological structure backgrounds of coal-bearing basins in China are more complicated than those in USA, the enriching and reservoiring have their own characteristics as well. Many coal beds in different coalfields are reconstructed by multi-periods, alien structure, and that combination stress –strain field. Such factors result in many unique features of low coal rank reservoirs in china, such as: big thickness, numerous seams, low gas content，preferable permeability, great resource and abundance, and probably lead to the enriching of coalbed methane which will become the favorable target areas for exploration and development in low coal rank basin. Keywords: Coalbed methane, low coal rank, permeability, hydrological condition, reservoir, characteristics 低煤阶煤层气是指赋存于褐煤（R﹤0.5%）与长焰煤（R＝0.5%～0.65%）及其围岩中的。我国煤层气资源开发的一个相当重低煤阶气藏以美国的粉河盆地为，盆地煤层含气量普遍较低，一般为0.78～1.6m3/t，最高不超过4m3/t。我国准噶尔盆地煤层气藏与美国的粉河盆地的成藏特征极为相似，煤层含气量较低，一般为～m3/t。2000m以浅地区煤层气地质资源量为22133.87×108m3，平均资源丰度1.51×108m3/km2[8]。该盆地的含气量明显高于美国的粉河盆地而且准噶尔盆地的煤层气成藏条件与美国的粉河盆地比较相似粉河盆地的煤层气商业开发给准噶尔盆地煤层气的勘探开发提供了好的思路和借鉴。在变质作用过程中，由于煤阶煤层气藏所经历的埋藏