布莱克斯通的宪政思想探析——以《英国法释义》第一卷为切入点-analysis of blackstones constitutional thought - starting from volume 1 of interpretation of english law.docxVIP

在宪政实践方面，在英国国内，布莱克斯通宪政思想的均衡机制一定意义上为1832年的议会改革的进行提供了理论背景。在美国，布莱克斯通的宪政思想对美国宪政的影响表现为：美国宪政体制对英国宪政的模仿和美国形成独特的司法决定“违宪”的机制所受的影响。关键词：布莱克斯通宪政分权均衡AbstractThebeginningperiodof18thcenturyistheperiodjustwhentheindustrialRevolutionwaspreparing,theeconomicaldomainwillhaveabiggerchangeandthescienceandtechnologywillhaveenormouslypromotedtheproductiveforcesofEngland.Thussocietywillbebroughtthecomprehensivechangeanddevelopment.ButthestructureofEnglandsmainlawwhichiscommonlawisstilldisordered.Thatisobviouslyinconsistentwithsocietysdevelopment.William·BlackstonearrangesthecommonlawwiththemethodofRomanlawandformesthecommonlawwellorganizedintheCommentariesOnTheLawsOfEngland.Thisbookhashadtheprofoundinfluencetothatperiodaswellasthelaterperiod.HisuniqueexplanationtotheEnglishconstitutionlisminthisbookhasimportantinfluencetotheconstitutionalthinkerandtheconstitutionalpracticeafterhim.ButtherearefewpersonwhohavestudiedBlackstonesthoughtofconstitutionlism.ThisarticlestudesitbythemethodofstickingtothecombinationofhistoryandtheoryonthebaseoftheprevenientresultsandanalyzesBlackstonesconstitutionalthoughtfoundingonthefirstvolumeofCommentariesOnTheLawsOfEnglandinthearticle.Therearethreesectionsinthisarticle:ThefirstsectiondealswiththehistoricaloriginofBlackstone’sconstitutionalthought.Oneofitshistoricaloriginsisthegamebetweenroyalpowerandtheparliamentaryauthority.Itfacilitatestheprotectionofthecitizenindividualrightandfreedom.TheconstitutionalprogressofEnglandismostlybasedontheestablishmentoftheparliamentarysystem.SothestruggleandgamebetweenkingandparliamentgraduallycausestheestablishmentofsystemwhichincudestheprinciplesofSeparationofpowersandBalance.ThushassafeguardedtheindividualrightandthefreedomofEngland.TheimportantconstitutionaleventsarefouraspectsintheEnglishhistory:ThebigconferencewithMagnaCarta;theparliamentandthekingintheparliament,petitionofrightandHabeasCorpusAct,EnglishBillofRightsandparliamentarysovereignty.Thesecondhistoricaloriginwhichfacilitatestheprotectionofthecitizenindividualrig