不同处理对棉籽饼产物中游离和结合棉酚含量影响-effect of different treatments on free and bound gossypol content in cottonseed cake products.docxVIP

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不同处理对棉籽饼产物中游离和结合棉酚含量影响-effect of different treatments on free and bound gossypol content in cottonseed cake products.docx

不同处理对棉籽饼产物中游离和结合棉酚含量影响-effect of different treatments on free and bound gossypol content in cottonseed cake products

detoxification efficiency was the best, detoxification rate reaching up to 90.82 %.Conclusion:( 1) The heating time, heating temperature and humidity of CSC all had extremely significant effects on the reduction of TG, FG and BG in CSC during heat treatment, and the FG decrease mainly depended on the interaction of heating time, temperature and humidity of CSC, and FG of reduction part was degraded completely, not changed into BG.( 2) The fermentation could make most of FG and BG degraded, rather than being formed into BG, and the amount of TG degradation was equal to that of FG and BG eliminated together, while the addition of FeSO4 in substrates could promote the degradation of FG and BG in the substrates.( 3) Mixed culture fermentation by C. tropicalis ZD-3 with S. cerevisiae ZD-5, or C. tropicalis ZD-3 with A. niger ZD-8, could extremely reduced the contents of TG, FG and BG in the substrates, and the FG and BG of reduction parts were all decomposed. In addition, the fermentation efficiency of C. tropicalis ZD-3 with S. cerevisiae ZD-5 was superior to that of C. tropicalis ZD-3 with A. niger ZD-8.Key Words:cottonseed cake;solid-state fermentation;Candida tropicalis;Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Aspergillus niger;total gossypol;free gossypol;bound gossypol前言随着我国畜牧业和饲料业的快速发展,骨粉、鱼粉等动物性蛋白日益短缺,供求矛 盾日益突出,价格也越来越高,因此开发利用植物源蛋白显得尤为重要。棉籽饼粕是重 要的蛋白质饲料资源,在我国饼粕类饲料中其产量仅次于大豆饼粕,但由于其中含有危 害动物细胞、血管、神经以及生殖系统的有毒成份--游离棉酚,因此没有能够在畜禽养 殖中被充分利用,在国内被用作食品加工原料更是少有报道,这些都造成了蛋白质资源 的严重浪费。目前,棉籽饼粕的脱毒方法主要包括热处理、机械压榨、有机溶剂浸提等物理法、 硫酸亚铁和氢氧化钙等化学法、微生物发酵法。各种脱毒方法虽然都可以显著( P0.05) 降低棉籽饼粕中游离棉酚的含量,但都存在脱毒率不够高的缺点。而微生物脱毒处理的 整个过程比较温和,在发酵过程中真菌发酵还能产生香味,增加了许多微生物代谢的副 产物,饲料的营养价值有了很大的提高。所以,开展棉籽饼粕生物发酵脱毒及其机理的 研究具有重要的实际应用价值。1 研究目的和意义棉籽饼粕是棉花加工业的主要副产品,2006 年新疆地区棉籽饼粕总产量高达 140 多万吨。棉籽饼粕是重要的蛋白质饲料资源,其粗蛋白质含量一般在 30%~45%之间, 但是,因为棉籽饼粕含有对动物生产、繁殖和发育等方面产生明显不良影响的有毒物质 游离棉酚( 含量高达 450~1500 mg·kg-1) ,从而限制了棉籽饼粕被安全而有效地用作动物 蛋白质饲料,甚至我国部分地区将其贬作肥料,造成了饲料资源的严重浪费。棉籽饼粕 脱毒方法主要包括:物理法、化学法及生物脱毒法等,近些年棉籽饼粕的脱毒方法大部 分已转向生物法。生物法即微生物发酵法,因为其具有三废少、不污染环境、能耗低、 生产工艺简单、设备少、资金

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