ENDOCRINE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - …：内分泌生理学与病理生理学—….ppt

Side effects (depends on length of use and age at exposure) Virilizing effects in females—enlarged clitoris, baldness in females, permanent deepening of the voice, temporary decreases in menstrual cycles (may confuse with PCOS); androgen –sensitive hair—increased pubic hair, facial hair, chest hair, arm hair Guys, listen up!! the adult penis does not grow with steroids; it can actually decrease in size with exposure to high doses; gynecomastia Adverse effects Decreased sexual function, infertility (temporary), testicular atrophy (suppression of natural testosterone levels which inhibits production of sperm (most of the mass of the testes is developing sperm) Hypertension (check on Red Bull consumption)(chewing tobacco w/ licorice) Increased LDL-cholesterol Accelerated CV disease (LVH) and atherosclerosis (controversial) Premature baldness in males Adverse effects in teens “roid rage”– users report greater involvement in violent behaviors even after controlling for the effects of previous violent behavior and drug use 600 mg/week significantly increased manic scores Side effects Effects fade away slowly after drug withdrawal, but may persist for more than 6-12 weeks after cessation of use Mood swings, extreme fatigue, anorexia, and craving steroids. Testing for anabolic steroids Elevated creatine levels Hair samples Urine samples for 19-norandrosterone (2.0 μg/L) Hemoglobin and hematocrit (anything above 17 g/dl for hemoglobin and anything about 50 % for hematocrit) Difficulty distinguishing pharmaceutical EPO from natural EPO Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and to prevent PC Androgen deprivation therapy used for metastatic prostate cancer—GnRH drugs 5-α reductase inhibitors to prevent the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT)—a more potent agonist for prostate growth The Endocrine Kidney Production of endogenous erythropoietin in response to hypoxemia Stimulus? Hypoxemia? Not enough O2 in the blood? Message sent to kidney to b