English Constitutional Monarchy 2011 - Culver City High School英国的君主立宪制2011 -卡尔弗城中学.pptVIP

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English Constitutional Monarchy 2011 - Culver City High School英国的君主立宪制2011 -卡尔弗城中学.ppt

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English Constitutional Monarchy 2011 - Culver City High School英国的君主立宪制2011 -卡尔弗城中学

English Society by Transformed1600 Nobility no longer play vital military role Increasing gentry (wealthy landowners) Losing authority in government – House of Commons near = to House of Lords “Holy Commonwealth” In September 1620 a small group of Puritans went to the New World because of constant persecution! “The Pilgrims” “Speeches to Parliament”1609-1610 Laid down claim to rule by Divine Right. By 1611, James had enough of Parliament Ruled by himself until 1621 Belief in Divine Right Seen as too pro-Catholic and too anti-Puritan by the Puritans. Many Types of Puritans All were Calvinist Believed in predestination and need to purify the Church Grand Remonstrance Parliament led by John Pym Outlined evils of Charles’s rule Charles and Parliament January 1642 Charles I attempts to arrest 5 members of Parliament Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658] Officer of the Parliamentary army [cavalry] ? the New Model Army. Led the army that defeated royal forces and now controlled the government. The Interregnum (1649-1660) The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660] The Commonwealth (1649-1653) The Protectorate (1654-1660) Pride’s Purge, 1648 Cromwell purges the House of Commons of moderates [anyone who isn’t anti-monarchy]. The results is the “Rump” Parliament. Regicide ? Beheading of Charles I, 1649 The vote by the Rump Parliament was 68-67. The Puritan Commonwealth [1649-1653] Constitutional Republic Created a constitution ? Instrument of Government An executive [Cromwell] A Council of State ? annually elected the committee of Parliament. No monarch. Europe is appalled ? other nations don’t recognize it. Cromwell Dissolves the “Rump” Parliament in 1653 The Protectorate [1653-1660] Cromwell tears up the ineffective Constitution. Dismisses the Rump Parliament and rules with the support of the military. Declares martial law. Military dictator. Religious tolerance for all [esp. for Jews], except for Catholics. Crushes a rebellion in Scotland. Crushes a rebellion among the Cath