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临床麻醉学ppt课件
临床麻醉学(Clinical Anesthesiology)绪论(Introduction); In general , anesthesia can be defined as a drug-induced or physical factors-induced state of reversible functional depression of part of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system,which is characterized by loss of sensation ,especially pain perception .; The increasing complex nature of operations sparked the development of anesthesia . Advance in related basic science especially in research in anesthesia per se ,and the development of new agents ,adjuvants , eguipments, technigues and capacity of sustaining life had changed and broadened anesthesia into a discipline concerned with more than relief of pain . over the past 5~6 decades ,anesthesiology(麻醉学) has emerged as a clearly defined specialty and firmly established .; The evolution of modern anesthesiology may be devided into 3 stages : 1、麻醉(anesthesia) 2、临床麻醉学(Clinical anesthesiology) 3、麻醉与危重病医学(anesthesiology and critical care medicine) department of anesthesiology and resuscitation department of anesthesiology and critical care medicine .;一、麻醉学发展简史
(The history of anesthesia )
1、Ancient times
(1)Acupuncture analgesia 内经475~221 B.C.
(2)华陀(141~203 )麻沸散
(3)Ancient Egyptians used The combination of opium poppy and hyoscyamus
(4)The Incas may be the earliest to use local anesthesia .;2、Modern anesthesiology
(1)Inhalational Anesthesia (吸入麻醉)
1844 Horace wells N2 0 (氧化亚氮)
△ 1846 William T.G. Morton Ether (乙醚)
1847 James Simpson chloroform(氯仿)
△ 1920 Arthur E. Guedel was the first to elaborate
on the signs of general anesthesia
△ Magill Endotracheal intubation (气管内插管);△1927 Ralph waters sodalime (钠石灰)
1956 halothane (氟烷)
1972 enflurane (恩氟烷)
1981 isoflurane (异氟烷)
1990 sevoflurane (七氟烷)
1992 desflurane (地氟烷);(2)Intravenous anesthesia (静脉麻醉)
·1934 Lundy
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