第一军医大学教案首页-同济大学精品课程.DOC

同济大学口腔医学院教案编号： 课程名称牙合 学授课日期学时2学时授课章节或题目咀 嚼 肌授课教师技术职称教师资格证号专业年级授课方式理论（　√　）；实验(习)：（　　）授　课　内　容方法、手段、时间 咀嚼肌 The muscles of masticationOcclusion in dentistry， the way that the upper and lower teeth come together.口颌系统：功能整体，Works well as a whole咀嚼肌 Five paired muscles of mastication 狭义-颞肌、咬肌、翼内肌、 翼外肌； 广义-舌骨上肌群颞肌 Temporalis muscle, The temporalis is one of three muscles that close the jaw and clench the teeth.咬肌 Both the outside and inside of the zygomatic process of the maxilla and the zygomatic arch. 翼内肌 The medial pterygoid muscle arises from the medial (inside) surfaces of the lateral pterygoid plate，which is attached to the undersurface of the temporal bone. 翼 外 肌 Drawing the jaw forward when both the right and left muscles are equally active. 舌骨上肌群 Responsible for opening the lower jaw. 下颌姿势位 Mandibular postural position, MPP； 牙尖交错位 ICP. 第一节 咀嚼肌的功能特点Features of masticatory muscles运动单位是由一个运动神经元及其所支配的一定数量的肌纤维所构成。 A single motor neuron may innervate more than one fiber. A motor neuron plus all of the muscle fibers that it innervates comprise a motor unit.咀嚼肌的收缩特性,肌收缩时,以张力变化(Tension Changes)为主或以缩短( Shortening)为主。一种是在肌收缩之前就加上的负荷，称前负荷；一种是在肌收缩后才遇到的负荷或阻力，称后负荷。 咀嚼肌的生物力学 Biomechanics of masticatory muscle MM和TM肌的构筑特征: 肌重值:TM后部 MM浅部 MM深部； 生理横切面积：MM浅部 TM后部 TM前部 MM深部； 生理横切面/肌重比率：MM深部 MM浅部=TM前。第二节 咀嚼肌的肌电特征肌电图（Electromyography, EMG）What is Electromyography: Electromyography, which is a cousin of the electrocardiogram. As the electro-cardiogram measures the muscular activity of dysfunctions of the heart muscle. Electromyography measures the activity and dysfunction of head and neck muscles. This information is important in treatment planning and for documentation purposes. （一）肌电原理: 肌收缩能产生生物电。 肌电记录的是运动单位电位的变化。When muscles are functioning, they generate tiny electrical signals. The more forceful the muscle action, the greater the strength of the signal produced. This procedure, called surface electromyography (SEMG), uses the same computerized system a