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- 2018-07-05 发布于福建
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自动导引车系统资源分配问题建模及求解
自动导引车系统资源分配问题建模及求解 摘要:针对自动导引车系统中由任务分派及路径规划共同构成的资源分配问题,基于自动化出入库系统建立模型,提出了一种以粒子群优化(PSO)迭代为框架,并加入无冲突路径规划的优化算法,弥补了以往只按顺序分配任务造成的不足。首先通过粒子群的迭代原理寻找最优任务分派方案;然后通过无冲突的路径规划得到资源分配的结果,同时在解的评价机制中加入了时间窗、工作量均衡及路径无冲突等约束条件,保证方案的可行性。通过模拟自动入库系统,与传统的自动导引车系统调度算法进行了对比,实验结果表明,所提算法在总行驶里程上平均节约了10%左右,且任务分配的均衡性更好,系统的整体效率得到了有效的提升。 关键词:自动导引车系统;资源分配;任务分派;无冲突路径规划;粒子群优化算法 中图分类号: TP249; TP18 文献标志码:A Abstract: For the resource allocation problem of automatic guided vehicle system, which was composed by both task assigning and route scheduling, a model based on the automatic input and output system of warehouse was built, and the algorithm with the framework of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the process of conflictfree routing was proposed to overcome the shortages of just assigning the tasks in sequence. Firstly, the iteration processes were used to search for the optimal scheme of assigning task. Then, the conflictfree routing was employed to obtain the result of resource allocation. Some constraints were added into the solution evaluation mechanism, such as time window, workload balance and conflictfree routes to ensure that the final scheme was feasible. Through the simulation of an automatic input system, the traditional scheduling algorithm and the new algorithm were compared. The proposed algorithm can save 10% of the total travelling distance and its balance of task assigning is better. It means that the proposed solution can improve the efficiency of whole system. Key words: automatic guided vehicle system; resource allocation; task assigning; conflictfree route scheduling; Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm 0引言 自动导引车(Automatic Guided Vehicle, AGV)系统是由一组在不同工作台或出入库口之间搬运货物的AGV构成的,这些AGV沿着事先规划好的路径行驶,在集中或离散控制系统的指挥下实现协同作业。相比一般的物料搬运系统,AGV系统路径灵活性强、空间利用率高且安全可靠,在生产和仓储系统中的应用越来越广泛[1]。调度问题是整个AGV系统的核心也是最复杂的问题[2]219,其中最关键的是要解决任务与AGV之间的匹配问题以及无冲突的最短路径规划问题[1]。目前对AGV系统调度的研究大多集中于无冲突的路径规划问题。刘国栋等[3]提出一种两阶段控制策略,将离线路径表生成器与在线交通控制器相结合,得到无冲突的总体路径规划;王佳溶等[4]在刘国栋等[3]的基础上做出改进,用遗传算法离线生成k条最
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