语法、词汇.pptVIP

英语专业四级考试辅导 语法、词汇 语法部分 1.综述 1.1. 考题涵盖面广，包括所有的词类、动词非谓语形式、各种从句、时态、语态等基本语法知识。 1.2. 重点突出：虚拟语气、状语从句、定语从句、独立结构、情态动词等 1.3. 常考特殊语法：虚拟语气、非谓语动词（特别是作状语、定语和宾语补足语的情况）、倒装句，特别是介词短语作状语以及特殊虚拟条件下的倒装、状语从句 2. 英语语法的逻辑： 以谓语动词为中心，动词是判断英语句子的标志。 2.1. 动词： 2.1.1. 谓语动词：一个句子中的核心动词，起到谓语的作用。 e.g. They built a garden. “built”是谓语动词。 2.1.2. 非谓语动词：不充当谓语的动词，只有动作含义的非动词。不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词都是非谓语动词。 e.g. They suggested building a garden. 动名词“building”后的部分作“suggest”的宾语。 2.2. 句子： 2.2.1. 简单句（simple sentence)：有且仅有一个谓语动词。 简单句包括：SV , SVC , SVO , SVOC , SVOiOd （见textbook page 30） 2.2.2.多重句(multiple sentence) ： .并列句（compound sentence）：包含两个或两个以上的动词，动词之间没有从属、修饰关系，靠连接词连接成句。这样的连接词有以and为代表的表示意义延伸的并列连词、以or为代表的表示选择概念的并列连词、以but为代表的表示转折的并列连词和表示原因的for四个类型。第一种包括and, not only … but (also )…, neither ( nor) 。第二种包括or , either … or …；第三种包括but , while , whereas等。第四种只有一个for。 做语法题时，首先必须明确上述句法逻辑，面对语义不明的句子，首先要分析它是简单句还是多重句。若是简单句，其中的谓语动词和非谓语动词分别是哪些？非谓语动词的用法和修饰关系如何？若是复合句，两个分句间是什么关系？若存在从属关系，哪一部分管哪一部分，哪一部分只是从属？ 句法逻辑举例： They were pushed into battle _____ . unprepared unpreparedly C. not preparing it D. without preparing it 2. The university authorities are seriously considering abandoning the traditional ____ class. fifty minutes fifty-minutes fifty-minute fifty minute’s 3. ________ the snake in superstitious awe. Mankind has held long Long has held mankind Has mankind long held Mankind has long held 4. It was not until midnight ____ the snowcapped peak. that they sighted that they did not sight did they sight had they sighted 5. The central provinces have floods in some years, and ____ . drought in others droughts are others while other droughts others in drought 6. Even as a girl, ____ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers. performing by Melissa were it was known that Melissa’s performances were knowing that Melissa’s performances were Melissa knew that performing was 7. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____ going to agree upon anything today. neither you nor I are neither y