通信システム工学B_11450.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Light-matter interaction by total quantum theory Because the annihilation and creation operators had the following properties, has a value only when in the following two cases From this fact, the transition probability Pif from the state ui to the state uf is In this way, the transition probability when electrons transit from the upper level to the lower level and emit light is proportional to n + 1, conversely the transition probability when electrons transit from the lower level to the upper level and absorb light is proportional to n. The fact that the transition probability of luminescence is proportional to n + 1 means that a luminescence transition occurs even when there is no incident light (photon) (n = 0), which is just spontaneous emission, The fluctuation of the vacuum field as stated in the above is a stimulated emission that occurs as a seed. Light-matter interaction by total quantum theory Whether a light emission or absorption depends on statistical properties. When considering a two-electron levels system with the upper level b and the lower level a, distribution of electrons in semiconductors is described by Fermi-Dirac distribution function. The distribution at the upper and lower levels are fb, and fa, respectively. The probability that electrons transit from the upper level to the lower level is proportional to the probability that electrons exist in the upper level and there is an empty state in the lower level, so fb(1 ? fa)(n + 1). Conversely, the probability of transitioning from the lower level to the upper level is proportional to fa(1 ? fb)n. The difference between the two expressions is (fb ? fa)n + fb(1 ? fa), and the net transition probability Pba from the level b to the level a is The term proportional to (fb ? fa)n in { } represents stimulated emission when fb fa and represents absorption when fb fa. The term proportional t