前驱体碳化等离子熔覆高铬铁基耐磨涂层组织与性能分析-microstructure and properties analysis of high chromium iron-based wear-resistant coating prepared by carbonization plasma cladding of precursor.docxVIP
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前驱体碳化等离子熔覆高铬铁基耐磨涂层组织与性能分析-microstructure and properties analysis of high chromium iron-based wear-resistant coating prepared by carbonization plasma cladding of precursor
摘要本文利用前驱体碳化复合粉末制备技术,以蔗糖为碳的前驱体,制备了等离子熔覆复合粉末;采用同步送粉等离子熔覆设备和优化的等离子熔覆工艺,在Q235钢基材表面制备了高铬铁基耐磨涂层。应用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等研究了涂层的成分和组织结构;用显微硬度计、磨损试验机等研究了涂层的显微硬度分布、磨粒磨损性能。工艺研究表明:以合金粉末和蔗糖为原料,在550℃温度下碳化,可以获得优质的复合粉末。在优化工艺参数的条件下,采用同步送粉等离子束熔覆技术在Q235钢表面制备出质量良好、基本无缺陷、厚度为4—6mm的铁基合金涂层。等离子熔覆层底部属于典型的外延式平面晶组织;中下部是树枝晶;中部是等轴晶;表层是穗状晶。涂层与基体之间则存在白亮带,它是以平面晶的生长形态沿热流方向生长出来的,白亮层的形成表明涂层与基体实现了良好的冶金结合。对熔覆涂层成分分析结果发现,灰黑色的树枝状晶体为固溶了大量Cr和少量Ni、B、Si、Ti、C的γ奥氏体组织和Cr-Ni-Fe形式的置换固溶体组织,亮白色区域为Cr7C3、Fe3C和γ的共晶组织;涂层截面上的平均显微硬度约为HV910,其强韧化机制主要有:固溶强化和弥散强化。由于涂层中高硬度的耐磨相的作用和与基体的冶金结合,涂层具有良好的磨损性能,磨损试验结果表明,室温湿滑动磨损条件下,载荷为40N时,铁基涂层相对与16Mn钢的耐磨性为12倍;而载荷增加到140N时,铁基涂层相对与16Mn钢的耐磨性为34倍。关键词:等离子熔覆,高铬铁基耐磨涂层,显微组织,耐磨性AbstractThesucrosewasusedasacarbonaceousprecursortopreparecompositepowdersbytheprecursorcarbonization-compositionprocess.Andthepowderswerefusedtoformahigh-chromiumiron-basecoatingonthesurfaceofQ235steelbymeansofareactiveplasmacladdingprocessparameter.Metallurgicalmicroscope,SEMandXRDwereemployedtostudycompositionsandmicrostructuresofthecoatings.Themicrohardness,wearresistanceofthecoatingsweremeasuredonamicrohardnessinstrumentandawearinstrument.Theexperimentalresultshowedthatthemixtureofthepowderandsucrosecanbeusedasrawmaterialstopreparehighqualitycompositepowdersbytheprecursorcarbonization-compositionprocessatthetemperatureof550℃.Withtheseoptimizedparameters,thedefect-free,4-6mmthicknesscoatingswithidealshapeandgoodsurfacequalitywereformedonQ235steelbyplasmajetsurfacemetallurgywithpowderfeeding.Thecoatingnearthesubstratehastypicalflatepitaxialgrowthmorphology.Inthelowerpartisdendriteandthecentralpartwasequiaxedwhilethesurfacewasspike-likecrystal.Thewhite-brightband,appearingbetweenthecoatingandthesubstrate,provedmetallurgicalbond.Theresultsofcomponentanalysisshowedthat:therewereprimaryphaseγandsubstitutionsolidsolution(Cr-Ni-Fe)inthegrayblackdendriticcrystal,andtherewaseutectic(Cr7C3+Fe3C+γ)inbrightwhitearea.TheaveragemicrohardnessofthecoatingwasaboutHV910,owingtosolutionhardeninganddispersionstrengthening.Becauseofthepresenceof
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