社会变迁视角下的农民自杀现象研究——基于鄂东南安镇三个村的个案分析1970-2009-research on farmers suicide from the perspective of social changes - based on the case analysis of three villages in nan an town, eastern hubei from 1970 to 2009.docxVIP

摘要自杀是一个重要的公共卫生问题，也是一个重要的社会问题。中国的自杀呈现出与西方国家不同的特点。本文以鄂东南安镇所辖的相邻的三个行政村1970年至2009年四十年的农民自杀现象为研究对象，将自杀现象放回到村庄生活内部，从社会变迁的视角，以社会转型过程中家庭结构变动及家庭关系变迁为线索，结合女性地位的上升，试图解释三个村庄四十年的自杀状况及其变迁态势，并探索这三个村庄在上个世纪八九十年代出现农民自杀高潮的社会原因和机制。上个世纪八九十年代出现的农民自杀高潮与国家主导的社会变迁有着紧密的关联。这种关联最主要是通过家庭这一中间变量来实现的。家庭结构的变动和家庭关系的变迁以及附着于家庭之上的家庭伦理观念的变迁导致了家庭中不同角色的个体角色认知和角色期待的变化。和这一过程相伴随的是女性主体意识的觉醒和女性地位的上升。因此，从这个意义上讲，主要由夫妻矛盾和代际矛盾引起的表现为个人心理调适失败的个体自杀是社会变迁的产物。不同年龄与性别群体的自杀展现了不同的行为与心理特点。发生于家庭内部的农民自杀同时又是村庄中的公共事件，宗族型村落的村庄性质与村落文化是促成当地农民自杀的社会基础和文化基础。关键词：自杀地方性知识家庭结构宗族型村落社会变迁AbstractSuicideisanimportantissueofpublichealth,anditisalsoanimportantsocialproblem.WhatSuicideinChinaappearsmuchdifferentfromthatofwesterncountries.Thisthesisfocusesonthefarmerssuicidecasesintheperiodof1970to2009ofthreeadjacentadministrativevillagesofAnzhentowninthesoutheastofHubeiProvince.Intheviewofsocialchanges,basedonthelineofalterationsinfamilystructureandchangesoffamilyrelationshipintheprocessofsocialtransformation,andcombinedwiththerisingoffemalestatus,thisthesisputssuicidebackintoofthevillagelifeandtrystoexplainthesuicideissueinthe40yearsperiodofthethreevillagesanditstransformationtrends.Inaddition,ittrystoexplorethesocialcausesandmechanismofthefarmerssuicideupsurgearisinginthe1980sand1990softhethreevillages.Thefarmerssuicideupsurgearisinginthe1980s1990siscloselyconnectedwiththesocialchangeheadedbythenation,andthisconnectionmainlyrealizesviatheintermediatevariableoffamily.Alterationsinfamilystructure,changesoffamilyrelationshipandthetransformationoffamilyethicsconceptsattachedtofamiliesleadtothevariationsofroleawarenessandroleexpectationofdifferentroleindividualsinfamilies.Whataccompaniesthisprocessistheweaknessoffemalesubjectconsciousnessandtherisingoffemalestatus.So,takeninthissense,mainlyresultingfromhusbandandwifesconflictionandintergenerationalcontradictions,theindividualsuicideappearingasfailuretomentaladjustmentistheoutcomeofsocialchange.Suicideofgroupsdifferentinageandsexshowsverydifferentbehavioralandpsychologicalcharacteristics.Farmerssui