上海市典型区域雨水中重金属特征研究-characteristics of heavy metals in rainwater in typical areas of shanghai city.docxVIP

上海交通大学硕士论文 上海交通大学硕士论文 万方数据 万方数据 上海市典型区域雨水中重金属特征分析 摘 要 科学技术的飞速发展，促进了经济的发展，提高了人民的生活水 平，但同时，大量能源被消耗，大量废气、烟尘杂质排入大气，造成 环境中重金属含量增加，环境质量恶化，重金属具有积累性，不能在 环境中降解，是一类不容忽视的污染物。 降雨是大气湿沉降中的一种，部分重金属污染物会发生“雨除” 及“冲刷”作用进入降水。通过收集某一区域的降雨水样，测定分析 水样中重金属含量，有助于对该区域的大气环境做出客观评价。 本文收集了上海市虹口、闵行、临港等区域 2012 年 4 月～10 月 及 2013 年 1 月的雨水样品，测定了雨水样品的 pH 值。采用石墨炉原 子吸收光谱法和 ICP-MS 法测定了雨水中的 Zn、Pb、Cd、Cu 等重金 属元素含量。通过与地下水环境质量评价标准对比，采用单因子层次 分析结合模糊综合数学评价法，对雨水样品进行水质评价，得到不同 评价结果。 结果显示，虹口闵行临港地区，雨水样品 pH 值小于 5.6 的比例为 47.6%，主要重金属元素浓度范围 Cu:27.3~85.57μg/L，Pb:9.87~53.2μg /L，Zn:51.32~109.14μg/L，Cd:2.03~7.81μg/L。与国家地表水环境质量 标准 I～V 类水质限值相比，均在 V 类限值下。本实验得到的重金属 污染浓度略高于其它同类城市相应报道，且各元素浓度分布具有季节 性与区域性的特征。 本研究工作可为上海城市重金属污染评价提供实验数据依据。 关键词：重金属污染、雨水、上海、特征分析、评价研究 I CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN RAINWATER IN SOME TYPICAL DISTRICT OF SHANGHAI CITY ABSTRACT Rapid progresses of science and technology promote economic development and improve the peoples living style and conditions. It is worth pointing out that of heavy metal pollutants maybe introduce into the air media with a large amount of energy is consumed and a large amount of waste gas and released dust. Heavy metals can accumulated, which are difficult to be degraded in the environment. Precipitation is a kind of atmospheric wet deposition. Through atmospheric wet deposition process, the heavy metal pollutants could happen rainout and wash function into precipitation. Therefore, it is essential that systematic analysis of heavy metals remaining in the rainwater samples for the evaluation of the related environmental quality. Heavy metal pollutants in atmosphere may be entered into rainwater via the courses of “rainout” and “washing out”. The rain water samples were collected in one region, and the heavy metals were then analyzed. Analysis of heavy metal content in the water sample, can make an objective evaluation of the atmospheric environment of the region. In our studies, we collected the rain water samples from several districts in Shanghai City, namnly incl