施肥枪施肥对桃树氮素吸收分配及其生长特性的分析-analysis of nitrogen absorption and distribution and growth characteristics of peach trees by applying fertilizer with fertilizer gun.docxVIP

山东农业大学硕士学位论文 山东农业大学硕士学位论文 PAGE PAGE 1 PAGE PAGE 10 摘要 以 5 年生早熟桃品种“雨花露”和 10 年生晚熟桃品种“中华寿桃”为试材，利用 15N 示踪法，研究了开放射状沟撒施与施肥枪施肥对桃树氮素吸收、利用与分配及对果 实产量和品质的影响。结果表明： １．施肥枪施肥，叶片的 Ndff 值（从肥料中吸收的氮占全氮的百分数）从新梢旺 长期开始明显升高，之后整个生长季内叶片 Ndff 值始终处于较高水平；果实成熟后， 果肉、果核中 Ndff 值分别是开放射状沟撒施的 3.64、4.73 倍；生长季末期，氮素吸收 利用率为 20.35 %，比开放射状沟撒施提高 5.87 个百分点，叶片中的氮素分配率为 9.00 %，显著低于开放射状沟撒施。次年生长季末期，植株对上季所施氮肥的吸收利用率为 20.95 %，比开放射状沟撒施提高 2.41 个百分点，叶片中的氮素分配率为 20.85 %，显 著低于开放射状沟撒施。两年累积氮素吸收利用率达 24.73 %，比开放射状沟撒施提高 4.84 个百分点。表明施肥枪施肥能使氮素更快地被吸收和运输到各新生器官，显著提高 了氮素吸收利用率，生长季末期随落叶损失的氮素显著降低。 ２．春施氮肥后，当年生长季末期，施肥枪施肥土壤的氮素残留率为 49.33 %，开 放射状沟撒施的氮素残留率为 50.46 %；次年生长季末期，施肥枪施肥与开放射状沟撒 施的氮素残留率分别为 15.86 %、17.71 %。差异均不显著。表明两种施肥方式下土壤中 的氮素残留无显著差异，两种施肥方式施肥对土壤地力的保持基本一致。 ３．施肥枪施肥，氮素在土壤空间的分布相对更均匀，施肥后土壤中 NH4+-N、 NO3–-N、速效磷及速效钾的浓度显著提高，并较好地维持了土壤养分的最佳溶液浓度， 显著提高了肥料利用率，相同施肥量下，施肥枪施肥可以降低肥料用量，节约成本。施 肥枪施肥，新梢旺长期叶片 SPAD 值开始明显升高，生长季内 SPAD 值一直处于较高水 平，新梢旺长期枝条生长速率明显加快；施肥枪施肥有利于果实产量的提高，单果重、 果径及果实中可溶性固形物的含量也有增加的趋势，但差异不显著。 关键词：桃；施肥枪；15N 示踪；氮素吸收率；品质 施肥枪施肥对桃树氮素吸收分配及其生长特性的研究 Study of fertilization with fertilizer applicator on nitrogen absorption, distribution and growing characteristics of peach tree Abst r act 15N tracer elements were used to study the effects of fertilization either using a fertilizer applicator or broadcast application in the radial ditch (CK) on nitrogen absorption, utilization, and distribution, and fruit quality and yield of five-year-old trees of the early-maturing peach ‘Yuhualu’ and ten-year-old trees of the late-maturing cultivar ‘Chinese Peach’. The main results were as follows: After fertilization with the fertilizer applicator, the Ndff value (the percentage nitrogen derived from the fertilizer) of new shoot leaves increased significantly from the new shoot growth stage and throughout the growing season the Ndff value of new shoot leaves were maintained at high levels. After the fruits were harvested, the Ndff value of the fruit flesh and stone were 3.64 and 4.73 times higher, respectively, than those of CK. The nitrogen absorption a