实时阴影绘制算法分析及在城市仿真中的应用-analysis of real-time shadow rendering algorithm and its application in city simulation.docxVIP
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实时阴影绘制算法分析及在城市仿真中的应用-analysis of real-time shadow rendering algorithm and its application in city simulation
摘要随着计算机图形学的发展,人们对虚拟场景的真实感要求也越来越高。在虚拟场景中添加阴影,能有效地表现出物体之间的相对位置关系和几何信息,从而大大增强场景的立体感、层次感和真实感。由于阴影的计算是一个相当耗时的过程,考虑到运行平台资源的有限性,必须在实时性和真实感之间进行必要的折衷。文章的主要研究目的就是基于有限的图形硬件,在保证实时性的前提下,通过实时阴影来提高场景的真实感水平。文章首先对实时阴影绘制进行了系统的综述,阐明了几种主要阴影绘制算法的基本原理,对比分析了阴影表算法和阴影体算法,指出各自存在的优势和局限性。接着深入分析了阴影表算法的走样问题和阴影体算法的耗时问题,阐述了结合两者的混合算法的关键思想和方法步骤——首先建立一个阴影表,然后使用它找出图像中位于阴影边缘处的像素区域,接着只针对该区域使用阴影体算法,而非阴影边缘区域由阴影表算法计算。在算法实现中,给出了使用硬件加速的PCF技术来识别阴影边缘区域,引入计算掩码技术实现对非阴影边缘区域所对应帧缓存的屏蔽,探讨了可编程图形硬件技术在加速图形绘制方面的方法。文章还分析了视景系统扩展编程的可行性,给出了使用vega回调机制实现多遍绘制,将实时阴影绘制方法添加到视景仿真系统中的解决方案。通过实验表明:该算法明显克服了阴影走样问题,大大增强了城市仿真的真实感,同时有较好的实时性能。关键词:实时阴影虚拟环境走样城市仿真可编程图形硬件AbstractWiththedevelopmentofcomputergraphics,therealismofthevirtualenvironmentareincreasinglyhighrequirements.Addingshadowinthevirtualscene,caneffectivelydemonstratethespacialrelationshipsbetweenobjectsandgeometricinformationsoftheobjects,thusgreatlyenhancethesenseoftherealism.Asthecalculationoftheshadowisaverytime-consumingprocess,somecompromisemustbemadebetweenthedemandingforthereal-timeandrealityofvirtualscene.ThemainresearchpurposeofthisthesisistoimprovetherealismofvirtualscenebyReal-timeshadowrenderingbasedonlimitedgraphicshardware.First,wesummarizedthereal-timeshadowrenderingalgorithmsystemicly,clarifiedthebasicprinciplesofseveralmajorshadowrenderingalgorithms,comparedtheshadowrenderingalgorithmofshadowmapandshadowvolume,pointedoutthestrengthsandlimitationsofeach,thenweanalysedthealiasingproblemoftheshadowmapandthetime-consumingproblemofshadowvolumedeeply.Thisthesisdescribedawayofcombiningthesealgorithmstoachievebothaccuracyandscalability.——Wefirstuseashadowmaptofindpixelsintheimagethatlienearshadowsilhouettes,thenapplytheshadowvolumealgorithmonlyatthesepixels,theshadowmapdeterminesshadowsfortheremainingnonsilhouettepixels.Inthealgorithm,weusedhardware-acceleratedPCFtofindsilhouetteareas,andusedthecomtutationmasktomaskofftheframebufferaddressesofnonsilhouetteareas.Second,thisthesisanalyzedthefeasibilityofthescenegraphsystemsexpansionprogram,thenprovidedaschemetoaddreal-t
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