新视野第2册第3单元预习.pdfVIP

Unit 3 Marriage Across Nations 请像背诵专业课的简答题一样背诵英文的短语和句子！ 2New words and phrases 2.1 语法记忆 2.1.1 英语中某些实物名词可转化为动词 (1) 比如文中的Harbor: n.海湾 v 入港停泊;庇护/心怀,怀有 其实,在英语中表示人的一类名词也可作动词, 比如mother, father, nurse.其中,nurse: n.护士,保 育员;v 照料护理/心怀,怀有.比如 “心怀不满”: nurse a grievance (2)和 harbor 同类的单词,再比如 house/ room/floor House:n 房子;v 容纳.[ The library houses 600,000 books.] Room:n 房间;v 租(房子)住[He is rooming with my friend Alan. 他住在我朋友艾伦家] Floor:n 地板;v 打倒 sb, 驳倒 sb.[ The boxer floored his opponent.] 2.2.2 否定前缀 in-: incompatible/compatible 脾气不合,脾气不相投:temperamentally incompatible 社交上合不来:socially incompatible The couple separated because they were not compatible.这对夫妻因为不合而分居. The printer is compatible with most microcomputers.这台打印机和多数微型电脑兼容. 2.2.3 后缀-ship 和表人的后缀 2.2.3.1 后缀-ship 究竟如何翻译?本文出现 citizenship/hardship (1)表示”船” 的时候最易理解: 比如spaceship （太空船）, cargo ship （货船）,battleship （战舰）, airship （气艇）等. (2)多数时候-ship的含义总是感觉有点不实在,但我们可以试图归纳一下: 表关系:比如友谊,交情,伙伴关系 friendship, fellowship, partnership 表身份,地位/权利:membership(会员身份,会员资格);authorship(作者身 份);apprenticeship(学徒的身份);ownership(物主身份);readership(读者身 份);citizenship(公民权利,公民身份) 表职责,任期: governorship（总督、州长等地方官的职务、职责、任 期）;leadership;dictatorship [dɪkˈteɪtəˌʃɪp专政] 表技能,技巧: horsemanship（马术）;sportsmanship(运动员精神,运动员技术) 表数量:readership(读者人数,读者身份) 表性质,状态:hardship（困苦、艰难、辛苦 difficulty） 1 2.2.3.2 请思考表示人的后缀都有哪些? (1)-er: driver, writer, reporter (2)-or: actor, sailor, director, visitor (3)-ess: actress, princess, goddess, hostess (4)-ee: employee, absentee [缺勤者 æbsənti:],refugee [难民,refjudʒi:],trustee 信托公司,受托人 (5)-eer: engineer, mountaineer[登山运动员,maʊntənɪə], auctioneer [拍卖商,ɔ:kʃənɪə], profiteer [n 奸商] (6)-man: fireman, policeman, chairman, Englishman (7)-mate: schoolmate, roommate, playmate (8)-ist: 可译为“…家”, 比如科学家,小说家,物理学家,资本家scientist, novelist, physicist, capitalist