论西部贫困与环境及应对政策.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 6 摘 要 改革开放初，国家制定了优先发展东部沿海城市的方针政策。东部地区经济得到大幅度提高，然而这却从一定的角度上说损害了西部地区的经济。落后的西部地区只有依靠脆弱的环境资源进行有限的生产，低下的生活水平、低下的生产率，使得的西部地区对当地的生态环境的破坏进一步加大。更重要的是在西部为了生存的同时，出售本已经脆弱的自然资源来促进东部经济的发展。正如达斯古普塔指出，这种被扭曲的贸易竟然是这个局面：对富人消费的巨额补贴是由最贫困的人民支付的。90年代后，中央提出了西部大开发的战略，这是加速我国现代化建设的一项重大战略决策，也是为了实现缩小东西部差距的重要举措。在这样的指导政策下，西部怎样能从两难境地突破，进入双赢的格局就具有了很现实的意义。 关键词 贫困 西部经济 环境库兹涅茨曲线 环境政策 Abstract At the beginning of the reform and open policy, the country frame general and specific policies in order to given priority to development the eastern coastal city. The eastern area economy obtains the large scale enhancement, however this actually has harmed the western area’s economy in other way. Backwardness western area only dependent frail environment resources which catch form the limited production. The low living standard, the low productivity cause the western to enlarge destroy the local ecological environment. The more important thing is the western have to sell this frail natural resource to eastern to promote the economical development. Just like Dasgupta point out that, this kind of trade which twists unexpectedly is this aspect: The large amount subsidy to the rich person is pays by the most impoverished people. After the 90s, the central committee proposed the west development strategy, this is an acceleration of our country modernization construction and has strategic significant action, also is for reducing the gap between western and eastern. Under such instruction policy, how the western can break through the dilemma and enters the pattern which is double wins has the very realistic significance. Key words: poverty; western economy; Kuznets curve;environment police 引 言： 贫困和环境作为“3P”问题（Poverty,Pollution,Population）中两个重要因素，受到众多学者的关注。由于人们就此的研究角度不同，对贫困的理解也就有很大的差异。《现代西方经济学词典》这样定义贫困—“收入不足以支付生存必须品的支出，即生活水平相当程度低于一般认为适度生活标准的情况”这种单纯的标准定义，被学者们认为是收入贫困，收入贫困是以贫困线来进行衡量的。这个狭义的理解也被大多数学者批评，认为它不能反映贫困和福利中非常重要的非收入特征，它掩盖了转型期发展中国家贫困问题的复杂性。联合国发展计划署给出了更为全面的阐述，强调了贫困概念的多元化。“贫困是指缺乏人类发展最基本的机会和选择—长寿、健康