天文导航中星图预处理及匹配识别技术分析-analysis of star map preprocessing and matching identification technology in astronomical navigation.docx
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天文导航中星图预处理及匹配识别技术分析-analysis of star map preprocessing and matching identification technology in astronomical navigation
摘要天文导航技术是是中远程弹道导弹、运载火箭和高空远程侦查机等武器系统的重要辅助导航手段,同时还是深空探测和载人航天中的核心技术。快速可靠的星图预处理及匹配识别技术在天文导航技术中起着关键作用。论文研究了深空背景下弱信号检测、星点高精度提取、全天区星图识别及导航星库构建等天文导航信息处理关键技术。主要工作和研究成果有:1、研究了基于广义最大似然比检测的星空背景下弱信号目标检测算法,建立了星图的数学模型。该方法能够通过图像信噪比来改变检测流程中的权值以保持最佳检测效果,解决了设定单一阈值漏检测、误检测的问题,实验结果表明该方法具有检测概率高、虚警概率低的特点。2、研究了质心法提取星点的误差模型,从频域上进行理论分析,得到像点质心定位系统误差的表达式。仿真结果表明,采用质心补偿法提取星点基本能够消除星点提取误差的影响。3、针对星空导航全天区星图自主识别的需求,提出了基于金字塔形的全天区星图识别算法,通过匹配多颗恒星构成的金字塔形对视场星图进行识别,实验结果表明该算法具有很强的抗伪星识别能力;提出了基于子模块Hausdorff粗匹配与傅立叶-梅林变换精匹配相结合的星图识别算法,实验表明该算法在星图存在旋转和平移的条件下具有较好地识别效果。4、研究了基于球面多边形的导航星库构建方法。利用矢量法排除双星的影响,并在全天球均匀划分的基础上,优化了导航星的选择和存储,并分析了全天区和局部天区两种不同情况下的导航星库匹配搜索模式。主题词:星敏感器星图识别星点提取Hausdorff距离傅立叶-梅林变换双星替代导航星表ABSTRACTStarnavigationistheimportantassistantinstrumenttolong-rangeballisticmissile,launchvehicleandhigh-altitudereconnaissanceplane,alsoisthecoretechnologyindeepspaceprobingandmannedspaceship.Withthedevelopmentofspaceprobe,afastandrobustalgorithmforstarmappreprocessingandidentificationisthemostimpotantpartinthestarsensorsystem.Thispaperaimtoexplorethedetectionofweakandsmallstartargetsunderdeepspace,theestimationofstarcentroidonsubpixel,all-skyautonomousstarpatternrecognition,constitutionofguidestarcatalog.Themainworksarelistedasfollows:WestudydetectionmethodsofweakandsmalltargetsindeepspacebackgroundbasedonGenernalMaximumLikelihoodRatio,constructthemathematicalmodelofstarimage.ThealgorithmcanobtainthebestdetectionperformancethroughadjustingtheweightsaccordingtotheSignal-Noise-Ratioofthestarimage.Atheoreticalanalysisofsystematicerrorofsubpixelcentroidestimationalgorithmutilizingfrequencydomainanalysisispresented.Simulationresultsthattheproposedcentroidestimatorattainstherequiredlowerbound.Aimedatthedemandoftheall-skystarmapindentification,weadvancethestarpatternrecognitionalgorithmformtwodifferentaspects.InChapter4,thepyramidalgorithmispresentedwhichisthestarpatternthroughmatchingtheguidepyramid,andinChapter5,weexplorethestarpatternrecognitionbaseonthesub-moduleHausdorffDistancewiththeFourier-Mellintransform.Thisalgori
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