天津市土地利用景观格局梯度研究及区域生态风险评价-gradient study on land use landscape pattern and regional ecological risk assessment in tianjin city.docx
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天津市土地利用景观格局梯度研究及区域生态风险评价-gradient study on land use landscape pattern and regional ecological risk assessment in tianjin city
度的增加景观破碎化程度得以缓解,第 18-20 梯度带受自然条件影响,耕地景观破碎化 程度提高;斑块形状较为复杂,并在 14-17 梯度带达到最大。建设用地景观在 0 梯度带 景观面积不断提高,景观内部连通性逐渐提高,景观破碎化程度低;建设用地景观总体 形状较为规整,在 18-19 梯度带由于邻近山区,受地理环境的影响,景观形状较为复杂。 水域及水利设施用地在第 0-1 梯度带景观破碎化程度较高,景观形状规整,在 20 梯度 带景观破碎化程度低,景观形状严重偏离正方形。1999-2013 年林地景观景观连接性增 强,破碎化程度降低。园地景观在 5-7 梯度带,分布较为松散,景观破碎化程度较高, 斑块形状复杂程度较高。未利用地景观主要分布在第 4-9 梯度带,1999-2013 年未利用 地景观破碎化程度提高,斑块形状随时间及开发利用强度增大趋于规整。
根据土地利用景观格局梯度分布特点,将研究区土地利用景观分为城市建城区(第 0 梯度带);城乡过渡景观区,(第 1-7 梯度带);乡镇景观区(第 8-18 梯度带);山
区景观区(第 19-24 梯度带)四大景观梯度区。
4.区域生态风险评价分析
研究区区域生态风险值 1999 年介于 0.07-0.37,2009 年介于 0.11-0.55,2013 年 介于 0.09-0.42 。总体趋势为高风险区不断扩展,低风险区逐渐减少。1999 年研究区
生态风险以中生态风险为主,较低生态风险其次,较高生态风险等级最少。2009 年整体
生态风险水平较高,以较高生态风险等级为主,高生态风险区是该年份第二大风险类型。 2013 年高生态风险等级面积大幅降低。1999 年至 2009 年生态风险等级由低向高转化总
面积占研究区总面积的 92.4%,由高向低转化总面积仅占研究区总面积的 2.65%;2009
年至 2013 年生态风险等级由低向高转化总面积占研究区总面积的 0.02%;而由高向低转 化总面积占研究区总面积的 78.24%。1999 年至 2009 年期间生态风险恶化情况严重,2009 年至 2013 年生态环境得以恢复,总体来说 1999-2013 年天津市生态风险呈增高趋势,
土地利用变化是影响区域生态风险提高的重要驱动因素。
关键词: 景观格局 梯度分析 区域生态风险指数 GIS
Abstract
With the rapid development of social economy and the continuous expansion of the city ,the breadth and depth of human land use continues to deepen, it caused great changes in land cover, and it is causing more and more resource and environment problems, and it is also triggered a series of social, economic and ecological problems. Therefore the land using is gradually widely concerned by authorities and academia. Tianjin is located in the Bohai lake, is an important port city in china. In the process of development of Tianjin, the land use problems gradually, such as unreasonable structure of land use, land use intensity difference. At the same time, the land use change will cause the change of ecological landscape, which triggered a series of ecological problems.
This study selected Tianjin remote sensing images in1999,2009 and 2013 as the basic data, classified the remote sensing images by ENVI software ;combined with ArcGIS spatial analysis technology, obtaining the land use tran
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