位错与微裂纹的纳观实验力学分析-nano - experimental mechanical analysis of dislocations and microcracks.docx

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2018-08-07 发布于上海
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位错与微裂纹的纳观实验力学分析-nano - experimental mechanical analysis of dislocations and microcracks.docx

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位错与微裂纹的纳观实验力学分析-nano - experimental mechanical analysis of dislocations and microcracks

AbstractThemechanical,electronicandopticalpropertiesofsolidmaterialsweresignificantlyinfluencedbymicro-defectsinsolidmaterials.Asdevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,therelationbetweenthemicro-structureandthemacroscopicalpropertiesofsolidshasattractedmostscientificinterests.Observationandanalysisonmicro-structureofsolidmaterialswouldthereforeallowmoredetailedunderstandingallofmacroscopicalpropertiesofmaterials.Dislocationisoneofthemostimportantdefects.Althoughtherehavebeenmanydifferenttheoreticalmodels,thereisstilllackofexperimentalresultaboutnano-deformationfieldcausedbydislocations.Theexperimentalmeasurementofnano-deformationfieldarounddislocationshasbecomeaveryurgentdemand.Micro-crackisanotherimportantdefect.Thedeformationfieldsnearcracktipareimportantinfracturemechanics.Althoughtherehavebeenalotofexperimentalresultsaboutcrack,therearepoorquantitativeexperimentalresultsaboutdeformationfieldsofcracktipinnanometerscalewhichisthemostconcernedbyresearchers.Theexperimentalstudytomicro-crackinnanometerscalewouldhelptoprovideacomprehensiontotheinitiationandpropagationofcrack.Thedeformationfieldsofseveraltypesofdefectsinaluminum,gold,siliconandsilicon/germaniumheterostructureswereexperimentalstudiedusingthehigh-resolutiontransmissionelectronmicroscopy,thegeometricphaseanalysisandthenumericalmoirémethod.Severalimportantresultswereobtained:Thedisplacementandstrainfieldsofedgedislocationsinaluminumandgoldwerequantitativelymeasuredinabout10nmscale.Theexperimentalresultswerecomparedwiththelineelastictheorydislocationmodel,thePeierls-NabarrodislocationmodelandForemandislocationmodel.Theresultsshowthatthreetheoreticalmodelsareallavailabletotheregionfarfromdislocationcore.ButtheForemanmodelisthemostappropriatetheoreticalmodelfordescribingthedisplacementandstrainfieldsofdislocationwhenitsfactorais0.8a1.5.ThisconclusionincludesthePeierls-Nabarromodel.Thestructureoflow-angelgrainboundariesingoldwasexperimentallyanalyzed.Accordingtothenumericalmoirémap,thelow-angelgrainboundaries