木质纤维素制备生物质能源与生物基化学品的分析-analysis of biomass energy and bio-based chemicals prepared from lignocellulose.docx

万方数据 万方数据 ABSTRACT To high-efficiently utilize the lignocellulosic biomass, corncob and herb residue were chosen as research objects in this thesis. Because of the difficulties for using these substrates directly, we employed some pathways via chemical methods and biological methods, and tried to structure the transformation platform to biofuels and high- value chemicals. The key technologies and theoretical issues in these processes were studied systematically. Effect of formic acid on conversion of fructose to 5- hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in biphasic system: A new process for the dehydration of fructose into HMF in aqueous/butanol media enhanced by using formic acid was developed. The effects of formic acid concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the fructose conversion and HMF yield showed the significant influence s of these process variables. Under optimum conditions, a HMF yield of 69.2% was achieved. Production enhancement of HMF from fructose in biphasic system: a reasonable mechanism describing the effect of stirring speed on HMF yield in aqueous/butanol media was proposed. The optimization of stirring speed led to a high HMF yield of 81.7%. By studying the kinetics of the fructose-to-HMF reaction, it was demonstrated that a low value of reaction rate constant was of benefit to obtain high HMF yield for this biphasic system. The simple addition process of high- fructose solution greatly reduced the side-reaction and made the operation more continuous and stable, and a HMF yield of 83.3% was achieved after three additions at 1000 rpm. Direct conversion of glucose to HMF using Sn-ceramic powder catalyst: Combined with hydrochloric acid, a new ceramic powder catalyst containing Sn4+ was designed for the catalytic conversion of glucose to HMF. The effects of different reaction factors on the prouction of HMF were investigated, and a HMF yield of 63.9 % was achieved. After being used five times, HMF yields were always above 5