定语从句-全版+练习.docxVIP

定语从句 一、常见考点和问题 1. 什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何判断该选择关系代词还是关系副词？ 2.什么是限制性定语从句？什么是非限制性定语从句？ 3.什么情况下只能使用that？ 反之，什么情况下只能用which？ 4.as的用法有哪些？怎么与which区别？ 5.介词+which/whom在使用时，介词由什么来决定？ 6.常见的抽象地点名词有哪些？ 7.定语从句中的主谓一致？ 二、解答考点 1. 关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句、代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。用法见下表： 词例 先行词 充当成分 例句 关系代词 who 人 主语 This is the doctor who saved my life . whom 人 宾语 She is the new student (whom) I want to tell to you . that 人物 主语、宾语 （指人相当于who或whom，指物相当于which） which 物 主语、宾语 1.Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 2.The novel (which) Tom bought is very interesting. as 物 主语、宾语 The earth ,as is known to all ,is round. whose=of whom\of which 人物 定语 The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams 关系副词 when=at\in\on\during which 时间 状语 We’ll never forget the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. where=at\in\to which 地点 状语 This is the house where he lived. why=for which 原因 状语 I know the reason why she works so well. 2、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 从句与先行词的关系 从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。 从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整 标 点 从句和主句之间不用逗号分开 从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开 关系 代词 指人who (that) whom 指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语） 指物which (that) 指物which 人和物的whose 人和物的whose 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去 关系代词一般不可省 修饰 从句只修饰一个名词或代词 可以修饰一个词也可修饰整个主句 翻译 定语从句译在被修饰词的前面 定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子 3、关系代词which和that的选用 1）只能用that做关系代词的情况： 只能用that做关系代词的情况 例句 1 当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时(something除外) Pay attention to everything that I do. 2 当先行词被All, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时 He has little time that he can spare. 3 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best novel (that) have read. 4 如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时 They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school. 5 当先行词被the only, the last, the way, the same等等修饰时 This is the last time that I I want to see you. 6 .在疑问词who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that Which of the students that knows something about history. 7 当定语从句为there be 句型时，关系代词只能用that,也可以省略 This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing. 8 当指人