36 阅读笔记 exercise2.docxVIP

2-1 By 1950, the results of attempts to relate brain processes to mental experience appeared rather discouraging. 到1950年，试图将大脑活动与精神体验联系在一起的结果让人失望。 Herring suggested that different modes of sensation, such as pain, taste, and color, might be correlated with the discharge of specific kinds of nervous energy. Herring提出，像疼痛，味觉，颜色这些不同的感觉形式，可能与一些特别的神经兴奋的释放相关。 However, subsequently developed methods of recording and analyzing nerve potentials failed to reveal any such qualitative diversity. 但是，后续的先进的关于神经潜能的记录和分析的方法却没能显示出这种性质上的多样化。 Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system. 虽然神经兴奋的性质上的多样化从未被严格的证明，这个学说却普遍的大量倾向于它的反面观点，那就是神经冲动在性质上其实是同质物，并且在神经系统中作为共同流质传输。 According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge, and there is some evidence for this view. 根据这个原理，我们得知，不同的有意识的感觉并不是由感觉神经冲动的性质决定的，而是由不同的释放这些神经冲动的大脑区域决定的，而且还有一些证据证明这一观点。 In one experiment, when an electric stimulus was applied to a given sensory field of the cerebral cortex of a conscious human subject, it produced a sensation of the appropriate modality for that particular locus, that is, a visual sensation from the visual cortex, an auditory sensation from the auditory cortex, and so on. 在一次实验中，当对人类大脑皮层的某一感觉区域与电流刺激是，在哪个特别的区域产生了适当形态的感觉。也就是说，视觉产生于视觉皮层，听觉产生局听觉皮层，等等。 However, cortical locus, in itself, turned out to have little explanatory value. 然而大脑皮层本省却没有多少解释价值。 类型：现象解释 结构： TS Kw1 不同discharge Aw- Aw- Kw2 different area X（aw+） Aw- 生词： cerebral 脑的; 大脑的 cortex 皮层; 树皮 modality 形式; 特征 cortical 外皮的; 皮层的 spatiotemporal 时空的 perceptions 知觉, 领悟力, 感觉 题目： 1. The author mentions “common currency” primarily in order to emphasize the (A