无线传感器网络中能量空洞避免机制与策略分析-mechanism and strategy analysis of energy hole avoidance in wireless sensor networks.docxVIP

摘 要 摘 要 无线传感器网络是应用前景广阔、涉及多学科交叉的前沿热点研究领域，被 称为 21 世纪最有影响的 2l 项技术和改变世界的 lO 大技术之一．它是由成千上万 个微小的传感器节点通过自组织的方式形成的能够协作的感知和收集监测信息的 功能性网络． 如何高效地利用有限的能量资源，使得无线传感器网络中的每一个节点都能 最大限度的发挥其功效，延长整个网络的生存周期一直是传感器网络研究的一个 热门方向．网络中部分节点由于负载过重而耗尽自身能量过早死亡，这种能耗不 均衡现象被称为“能量空洞”问题．它会导致网络原有覆盖区域缺失或者数据无法送 达 sink 节点，缩短网络正常工作的时间，是无线传感器网络的研究必须要攻克的 一个难题．近年来，国内外对无线传感器网络的能量空洞避免机制和策略从节点 部署、路由优化、数据收集和基站设置等诸多角度进行了大量研究，并取得了较 好的效果． 本文在已有研究的基础上，提出了两种能有效避免能量空洞问题的策略：(1) IFA-based 节点分布策略解决能量空洞问题：在节点随机均匀分布的条件下，通过 对某一特殊环带中监测信息量和中继信息量的推理计算，计算出网络不同区域中 感知、接收、发送的总能耗和每个节点的平均负载情况，根据区域平均能量消耗 的比例得出不同区域中随机部署的传感器节点的密度．(2) 节点发射功率可调的能 量均衡数据传输策略解决能量空洞问题：节点根据自身的位置和剩余能量等信息， 结合附近邻居节点的相关信息，调节数据传输的半径，进而最大限度地均衡网络 的能耗．这两种方法都很好地避免了能量空洞问题，在延长网络生存时间的同时， 网络的其他性能也有了一定程度的改善． 关键字：无线传感器网络 能量空洞 节点按比例分布 数据收集 无线 无线传感器网络中能量空洞避免机制与策略研究 Abstract Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a widely used and multi-disciplinaty hot research frontier area, which is considered as one of the most 21 influential technologies in the 21th century and of the 10 techniques that can change the world. It’s a self-organizing functional network composed of a large number of micro-sensor nodes, which can sense and gather the monitoring information collaboratively. How to use limited energy effectively to make every sensor node express its performance well and prolong the network lifetime is always a hot research direction in wireless sensor networks. Parts of the network nodes need to relay more traffic which results in using up their energy and thus having much shorter expected lifetime. We term this phenomenon of uneven energy consumption rates as the “energy hole” problem, which may bring severe consequences such as the loss of original coverage and failure to transform data to the Sink. Eventually, the network lifetime will be prematurely ended. How to avoid this problem is a key point in wireless sensor networks. Nowadays, many researches have been done on avoiding mechanisms and strategies of the “energy hole” from different perspectives and obtained good