不同兼业化农户粮食生产效益和效率差异影响因素研究.docVIP

不同兼业化农户粮食生产效益和效率差异的影响因素研究 　　摘 要：随着国家工业的快速发展，仍以一家一户式为主的农业生产模式，出现了产量差距大且停滞不前、生产成本增加、资源环境代价高等问题，怎样提高整体农业生产效率，增加农户的生产效益成为当下亟需研究的课题。该研究在前人研究的基础上，以河南疃镇为研究区域，从区域和非农化程度（兼业化）两个维度对农户粮食生产效益、效率差异进行分析，发现该地区兼业化农户高达82.2%，有66.7%的农户其非农业收入大于农业收入，且表现出由南向北兼业化程度加大的趋势；农户粮食生产效益、效率均受到兼业化和区域化的影响，提出当前进一步提高不同经济类型农户粮食生产效益、效率的限制因素及改进建议。 　　关键词：兼业化；生产效益；高产高效；产量差异 　　中图分类号 F323 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2015）20-08-06 　　Abstract：With the rapid development of industry， Chinas family-based agricultural production， on the other hand， has emerged a great number of serious problems， such as， huge yield gap， stagnancy， increased production costs， and higher costs of resources and environment. How to improve the overall efficiency of agricultural production， increase production effect， therefore，has become the currently urgent issue. On the basis of previous studies， a detailed analysis is made from the region and the degree of non-agricultural aspects， figuring out some factors which limited food production effect and efficiency， as well as some constructive suggestions for improvement. Some main conclusions are presented as follows：Non-agricultural degree in that region is not only performed as continual increase of part-time farmers，accounting for 82.2 percent， but also performs as the higher non-agricultural income， and those farmers account for 66.7 percent. Moreover， this kind of part-time farming turns out to gradually increase from south to north.Food production effect and efficiency are affected by part-time farming and regionalization.The limiting factors and suggestions of improving food production effect and efficiency of different economic types of farmers are put forward. 　　Key words：Part-time farming；Production effect；High yield and efficiency；Yield variance 　　当前中国仍是农业大国，随着中西部地区逐渐迈入工业化进程，不能再走工强农衰的道路，怎样在工业化进程中保证中西部地区粮食安全成为亟待研究的问题[1]。然而在现实社会，即使在人少地多的美国也广泛存在农户兼业化现象，因此农户兼业化仍然是工业化过程中世界各国农业发展的共同现象[2]。目前，我国中西部农业生产经营的主体仍是一家一户的小农户，农户作为农业生产的基本单位，其生产方式的先进与否直接关系到农业生产力的发展和粮食安全问题[3]。农户兼业化是在我国较为尖锐的人地矛盾