基于API模型与新安江模型的察尔森水库洪水预报.docVIP

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基于API模型与新安江模型的察尔森水库洪水预报.doc

基于API模型与新安江模型的察尔森水库洪水预报   摘要:察尔森水库承担着兴安盟地区的防洪、灌溉和供水等任务,其洪水预报具有重要的研究意义。考虑到下垫面条件和降雨分布特征的影响,单一模型或同组参数在该地区很难取得理想的洪水模拟效果,尝试引入分单元新安江模型与API模型分别对察尔森水库洪水进行预报,并分析总结两模型在该地区的适用性。结果表明:两种模型预报结果都较好,且对于大暴雨洪水预报效果更理想;当前期土壤湿润时,分单元新安江模型预报效果更好;当前期土壤干旱、降雨强度较大时,API模型预报效果优于分单元新安江模型。实际作业时根据需要选择模型进行预报,有利于察尔森水库合理调度,提高水库经济效益。   关键词:察尔森水库;洪水预报;新安江模型;API模型   中图分类号:TV213 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1672-1683(2015)06-1056-04   Abstract:Chaersen reservoir undertakes the important tasks for the hinggan league area,such as irrigation,flood control and so on,its flood forecasting is significance.Due to the hydrogeological condition and characteristics of rainfall distribution,it is difficult to obtain a better simulation by the single model or a set of parameters.This paper used unit Xin′anjiang model and API model to forecast Chaersen reservoir flood respectively,and analyzed the applicability of the two models in the region.The results showed that forecast results by the models all met the requirement of the operational,and especially the heavy flood effect is better;If the antecedent soil is moist,both models were applicable,particularly the Xin′anjiang;If the antecedent soil is drought and rainfall intensity was larger,the Xin′anjiang model is not applicable,it was supposed to choose the API model to forecast.Therefore,it is necessary for us to choose proper model according to the hydrogeological conditions and the characteristics of rainfall distribution to improve the flood forecast accuracy and to direct reservoir regulation,in order to improve the economic effectiveness.   Key words:Chaersen reservoir;flood forecast;Xin′anjiang model;API model   洪水预报是减轻洪涝灾害和提高洪水资源利用率的重要手段,较高精度的洪水预报成果可以充分发挥水库的综合利用效益。洪水预报一直是水文预报研究的重点和难点,尤其是洪水次数发生很少的北方地区,无论是传统的流域水文模型方法[1-2],还是智能算法[3-8]都没能很好的解决洪水预报精度低的问题。北方地区的一些流域枯水年份甚至一次较大洪水都不曾发生,丰水年份可能发生2~3场洪水。由于年内的每场洪水的下垫面条件不一样,导致同一个模型或同一组参数很难同时把几场洪水模拟好。针对这一问题,本文以察尔森水库流域为背景,采用不同的水文预报模型开展其预报方案的研究,根据各个模型的模拟结果,总结分析各模型的适应性和使用条件,以指导水库实时洪水预报,为水库调度决策提供更准确洪水预报成果。   1 流域概况及模型选择   洮儿河发源于内蒙古大兴安

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