英语语法5——虚拟语气教学教材.pptxVIP

英语语法5虚拟语气2015-10-18祈使句的主语you通常不说出来，但有特殊情况。Someone fetch a pail of water. 谁去打一桶水来。You girls stand in the front row.你们女孩子站在前排。但更多情况下可以用呼语（direct address），表示这话是对谁说的。Fasten your seat belt, Tom.Come this way, madam.否定形式：don’t（或含否定意义的词,如never）Don’t lose the key.Don’t ever do that again. / Never do that again!Let’s也常用来引起祈使句。Let’s go to the cinema tonight.Let’s not alarm people.虚拟语气在表示一种假象的情况或主观愿望的时候，动词有时需要用特殊形式，称为虚拟语气。涉及到的动词形式：动词原形、情态动词、过去式及过去分词。 　一、虚拟语气在条件句中　虚拟条件句　主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去相反的假设与将来相反的假设主语+should, would,might, could, ought to＋动词原形If+主语+动词的过去式（动词be用were)主语＋should, would, might, could＋have doneIf+主语+had +过去分词1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形主语＋should, would might, could＋动词原形Eg: If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried, he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.More practice:如果我是你，我就会努力学习．If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了．If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛．If it should \were to rain, we would call off the match.使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：１.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．(通常是从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。)If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了．1. If we had been more careful we______ much better results now. got B. had gotC. would be getting D. would have got2. If you________ at school, you ________a college student now.A. had studied hard; would have beenB. should have studied hard; should have beenC. had studied hard; would beD. would study hard; must have been答案：CC２．省略句/虚拟语气的倒装在条件句中，可省略 if，把were, had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式．If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 注意1：倒装中?had不一定是助动词，如果是实义动词也可倒装：　If he had money，he would