呼吸道感染患者病原性细菌检验临床观察.docVIP

呼吸道感染患者病原性细菌检验临床观察 　　doi：10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2014.17.70 　　摘要目的：分析呼吸道感染患者病原性细菌的分类及耐药性。方法：2012年8月-2013年12月收治呼吸道感染患者80例，将痰液标本进行分离、培养、鉴定，细菌采用K-B纸片法测定药敏性，真菌采用真菌药敏条进行鉴定。结果：本组80例患者共分离出菌株112株，其中革兰阳性菌58株（51.79%），革兰阴性菌47株（41.96%），真菌7株（6.25%），最常见的感染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌及肺炎链球菌。革兰阳性菌主要对青霉素耐药，革兰阴性菌主要对氨苄西林、头孢曲松耐药。结论：呼吸道感染菌主要为革兰阳性菌，多重耐药现象普遍，临床上应加强抗菌药物管理、合理用药，以缓解目前临床上多重耐药性的危机。 　　关键词呼吸道感染病原性细菌检验耐药性 　　Clinical observation of the examination of pathogenic bacteria in patients with respiratory tract infections 　　Ma Kun 　　The Center Hospital of Laiwu，Xinwen Mining Group（Laiwu City，Shandong），271103 　　AbstractObjective：To analyze the classification and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in respiratory tract infection patients.Methods：We separated，cultivated，appraised the sputum specimen of 80 cases with respiratory tract infection from August 2012 to December 2013 who were selected.The drug sensitivity was tested by K-B method in bacterial，and fungi were identified with fungal susceptibility.Results：112 pathogens were isolated in 80 cases，including 58 gram positive strains（51.79%），47 strains gram negative bacteria（41.96% ），7 strains fungi（6.25% ）.The most common infection bacteria were staphylococcus aureus， pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococcus pneumoniae.The gram positive bacteria was resistant to penicillin，and the gram negative bacteria was resistant to ampicillin and ceftriaxone.Conclusion：The major respiratory tract infection bacteria was gram positive bacteria，and the multi-drug resistance is widespread.We should strengthen the management of antimicrobial agents and the rational use of drugs，in order to alleviate the current crisis clinical multidrug resistance in Clinical. 　　Key wordsRespiratory tract infection；Pathogenic bacteria；Test；Drug resistance 　　病原性细菌很多，其中属于革兰阳性的有：葡萄球菌、链球菌、肺炎球菌、白喉杆菌、破伤风杆菌、炭疽杆菌、肉毒杆菌等；属于革兰阴性菌的有：脑膜炎球菌、淋球菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌、霍乱弧菌、百日咳杆菌、鼠疫杆菌、枯草杆菌等；此外还有麻风杆菌、结核杆菌等[1]。呼吸道是一个开放性器官，经常随着空气吸入各种微细颗粒和微生物，因此在上呼吸道有许多常居菌寄生，如咽部的奈瑟氏菌、甲型链球菌、葡萄球菌、微球菌、肺炎链球菌、流感嗜