基于信息共享3级供应链库存.docVIP

基于信息共享3级供应链库存 　　摘 要:为解决虚拟库存管理及实施问题,根据供应链和库存管理的相关理论,构建3级供应链的结构模型;实现基于信息共享的虚拟库存管理和3级供应链运作;从零售商的角度剖析3级供应链库存成本模型,并进行优化.算例表明,通过理性选择库存控制策略和制定订货计划,可有效集成和合理配置级库存资源,减少库存积压, 实现3级供应链库存总成本降低的目标. 　　关键词:信息共享;3级供应链;虚拟库存 　　中图分类号:F252; F253; F713.53文献标志码:A 　　 　　Three-echelon supply chain inventory based on information sharing 　　HUANG Yuanxin1, LI Xiaoyu2, HUANG Youfang1, TIAN Hongying3 　　(1.Academy of Science Technology, Shanghai Maritime Univ., Shanghai 201306, China; 　　2.College of Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong Univ., Chengdu 610031, China; 　　3.Institute of Business Administration Real Estate, Chengdu Vocational Technical College, Chengdu 610041, China) 　　Abstract: In order to solve the problem of virtual inventory management and its implementation, the structural model of three-echelon supply chain is constructed according to the related theory of supply chain and inventory management; and then the virtual inventory management and three-echelon operation are realized based on the information sharing; the model of three-echelon supply chain inventory cost is analyzed and optimized from the point of retailers finally. The example shows that the echelon inventory resources are integrated and allocated effectively by the rational inventory control strategy and order plan, and the inventory is reduced so as to realize the goal of total cost reduction of the three-echelon supply chain. 　　Key words: information sharing; three-echelon supply chain; virtual inventory 　　 　　0 引 言 　　供应链是围绕核心企业,通过对信息流、物流和资金流的控制,从采购原材料开始,到制成中间产品及最终产品,最后由销售网络将产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商直到最终用户连成1个整体的功能网链结构模式,具有复杂性、动态性、面向用户需求和交叉性等特点.[1]供应链中供需矛盾的存在使企业在进行库存控制时必须根据实际需要确定物品的经济订购批量、订货点、前置期以及产生的相关成本等,从而采取合理的库存控制策略降低供应链的总成本.常见的库存控制策略有物料需求计划(Material Requimment Planning, MRP)、企业资源计划(Enterprise Resource Planning, ERP)以及准时生产(Just In Time, JIT)等.目前,学术界研究的热点和难点在于虚拟库存管理以及实施. 　　1 基于信息共享的3级供应链与虚拟库存管理1.1 传统的库存控制 　　在传统的供应链模式中,物流自上而下送达客户,信息流自下而上传递到厂商.企业因无法掌握供应链下游的真正需求和上游的供货能力,不得不从自身利益最大化的角度出发预测补货量,从而导致上游企业对需求波动的