ZnO模板离子交换合成纳米异质结-材料学专业论文.docxVIP

ABSTRACT Ion exchange is a versatile method to engineer nanomaterials. It can be used to control the morphologies, composition and structure of nanomaterial, especially some non-equilibrium nanostructures. Ion exchange in the gas phase can produce high crystallined nanomaterials, and ion exchange in solution is very facile and simple. O n the other hand, ZnO nanomaterial can be obtained in aqueous solution easily and it is an environmental friendly material whic h can be used as template for ion exchange, resulting in 1-D and 2-D heterostructures base on ZnO nanomaterial. The main results are as follows: Firstly, we fabricated ZnO/ZnSe heterostructures by gas phase anion exchange in Se vapor. We systematically investigated the influence of temperature, Se concentration, reaction time on the formation of ZnO/ZnSe heterostructures. The lowest reaction temperature was determined as 500°C, and the amount of Se powder affects the morphology and shell thicknes of the final ZnO/ZnSe heterostructures. We also studied the relationship of the diamater of the start ZnO nanorods with final products, and found that pure ZnSe and ZnO/ZnSe heterostructures can be generated by using thin or thick ZnO nanorods as templates, respectively. It is proposed that the anion exchange proceeds as a result of outdiffusion of ZnO. We also found that intense light emission of ZnO/ZnSe heterostructures at 505 nm orgininates from Zn vacany during anion exchange reaction. Secondly, we successfully fabricated ZnO/ZnSe/PbSe heterostructures by gas phase cation exchange using ZnO/ZnSe heterostructures as a template. And it is possible to tansform ZnSe layer into PbSe completely by adjusting reaction temperature and time. The as-obtained products are well-crystallined and promising nanomaterials in solid-state solar cells. Thirdly, we constructed a two-dimensional ZnO/CdSe heterostructure nanosheet using ZnO nanosheet as a template. ZnO/CdSe heterostructure nanosheets possess huge specific surface