β-环糊精聚氨酯复合材料的制备及结构与性能研究-材料加工工程专业论文.docxVIP

II II 的结晶性降低。将 β-环糊精/聚乙二醇复合物加入到水性聚氨酯中， 通过物理共混法制备了水性聚氨酯/β-环糊精/聚乙二醇复合材料。结 果发现：β-环糊精/聚乙二醇复合物的加入不会影响水性聚氨酯乳液的 稳定性； β-环糊精/聚乙二醇复合物在水性聚氨酯中的质量含量小于 4%时，两者有良好的相容性，并提高了水性聚氨酯的力学性能，且 β- 环糊精/聚乙二醇复合物与水性聚氨酯的作用主要为分子间的氢键作 用；β-环糊精/聚乙二醇复合物的加入提高了水性聚氨酯内部的物理交 联点。此外，β-环糊精/聚乙二醇复合物的加入，会提高水性聚氨酯的 耐热性能。 为进一步研究 β-环糊精对溶剂型聚氨酯（氨纶纺丝原液）结构及 性能的影响，利用氨纶的原材料聚四氢呋喃醚二醇，制备了 β-环糊精 /聚四氢呋喃复合物。将聚四氢呋喃醚二醇改性的 β-环糊精加入到溶 剂型聚氨酯原液中，利用物理共混方法制备了聚氨酯/β-环糊精/聚四 氢呋喃复合材料。对其进行测试表征，结果表明：改性 β-环糊精在溶 剂型聚氨酯中有良好的相容性且力学性能在的质量含量为 4%时达到 最优值；β-环糊精/聚四氢呋喃复合物的加入会提高溶剂型聚氨酯的吸 湿率与透湿性能；溶剂型聚氨酯的染色性能也有一定程度的提高。 关键词 β-环糊精，水性聚氨酯，溶剂型聚氨酯，力学性能，染色性 III III STUDY ON PREPARATION, STRUCTURES, PROPERTIES OF β-CYCLODEXTRIN/POLYURETHANE COMPOSITES ABSTRACT Polyurethane is a kind of block copolymer which contains soft and hard segments. Soft segments are formed by polyhydric alcohols and hard segments are formed by isocyanates and chain extender agents. Because of the special structures of polyurethane, there are many excellent properties of polyurethane, such as toughness, abrasive resistance, low temperature resistance， excellent elasticity and resilience etc. Now, polyurethane has been widely used in many industrial areas, for example, coatings, adhesives, textile finishing agents, spandex etc. Based on the dispersion medium, polyurethane is divided into two types. One is solvent polyurethane and the other type is waterborne polyurethane. Compared with the properties of these two kinds of polyurethane, the common properties include abrasive resistance, fatigue durability, toughness and others are well. Although there are many superior performances of polyurethane, some weaknesses still exist. When traditional solvent polyurethane is used in some special areas, the mechanical, antistatic, dyeing ability or other properties need a deeper modification. Compared with traditional solvent polyurethane, the mechanical and heat-resistance properties of waterborne polyurethane are insufficient. To get the requirements of use standard, polyurethane needs a deeper physic