《葛逻禄分析》历史学·史学理论及史学史专业论文.docxVIP

中文摘要 葛逻禄是隋唐时期强大的异姓突厥部落集团之一。原本广泛分布于漠北、 西域地区，史书记载由谋落、炽俟、踏实力等部落构成。故居之地当位于金山 （东部天山），在人种上属于印欧人种，公元738年突骑施汗国衰微之后,代之 而兴,与回鹘争雄,后与吐蕃联盟，并且与唐王朝关系及其紧密。葛逻禄与西域 诸政治势力关系直接影响到了西域历史的发展。葛逻禄突厥化从6世纪突厥和 突厥汗国时期开始，主要阶段是在西突厥统治时期，过程漫长而又复杂。 在8～9世纪葛逻禄三部中的“谋落”和“踏实力”已经完成了突厥化，而炽俟 的核心部落婆匐（雅巴库）部落到11世纪，还保留着自己的语言。葛逻禄人在 历史上宗教信仰复杂多样，主要有萨满教、火神崇拜、祖先崇拜、景教、伊斯 兰教、佛教、摩尼教、祆教等，直到元朝后期葛逻禄人绝大部分已经皈依伊斯 兰教，实现伊斯兰化。12世纪30～40年代伴随着西辽崛起入主中亚，葛逻禄随 之而归附西辽。后期受到西辽打击，至此衰落。13世纪蒙古人兴起，葛逻禄（ 哈剌鲁）归附蒙元，在此时期葛逻禄（哈剌鲁）人为元朝统一多民族国家的建 立和巩固做出巨大的历史功绩。 总之，葛逻禄研究在中亚、西域边疆史研究中占有重要的地位。 关键词：葛逻禄；异姓突厥；西域；突厥化；伊斯兰化； Abstract The Qarluq was one of the powerful Turkic tribal groups during the Sui and Tang dynasties. According to Historical records, it is consist of Mouluo, Chiqi and Tashili. The Qarluq wildly distributed in Mobei and Western Regions formerly. Therefore they lived in Jinshan mountain (Eastern Tianshan),they were Indo- European people . After Turgesh decline d, Qarluq and Uig hur fighted each other. Qarluq had a good relations with Tang and Tuobo. The complex political states of the Western Regions. the relations of Qarluq and other political forces had directly affected the development of Western region’s history. The Turkistanization of Qarluq closely related to Turk and Turkic khanate which lived in the sixth century.The main stage of Turkistanization took place during the reign of western turk, Mouluo and Tashili which belong to the Qarluq had completed the Turkistanization during the eighth to ninth century. While Pofu(Yabaku) which belongs to Chiqi had retained own language until eleventh century. The Turkistanization of Qarluq was a long and complex process.In history Qarluq had diverse religion beliefs which mainly included Shamanism, Vulcan worship, ancestor worship, Nestorianism, Islam, Buddhism, Manichaeism, Zoroastrianism, etc .Most Qarluq people had been converted to Islam and completed the Islamization at last year of the Yuan Dynasty . I n the 1130s and 1140s, Western L iao occupied the Central Asia, Qarluq sub