陈白沙主静哲学分析-an analysis of chen baishas principal static philosophy.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 摘 要 陈白沙作为明代心学的重要代表人物之一，他的哲学思想融合了儒释道三家，被认 为是明代心学的开端。陈白沙没有建构起二程、朱熹那样的整体理论构架，他的理论并 不是通过说理式的论述来使人信服，而是通过自身的修养，自己的生活方式来感染别人。 他的哲学是诗意的，以“自得”为关键，以“自然”为归宿，以一个“静”字贯穿始终。 陈白沙的静并非寂然不动，也不是万物皆空，他的主静哲学一直就没有远离日常生活。 陈白沙反躬内求，通过“静”使心回复到本然的状态，进而将当下的我与最初的本心结 合起来，终于“自得”，达到“自然真乐”的境界。这种境界不是道家的避世，更是要 在山水田园之中享受自然之乐、劳动之乐、孝亲爱人之乐。这种快乐是道德境界与审美 境界的统一。白沙哲学不仅对湛若水、王阳明及整个明代心学产生了重要影响。在市场 经济蓬勃发展的现代社会，人们更应该读懂陈白沙的“静”并以其指导自己的日常生活， 这样人生将会更加美好，社会也会更加和谐。 关键词 陈献章 静坐 心静 自然 II II Abstract Abstract Being one of the key representatives of Xin-ism in Ming Dynasty, Chen Xianzhang’s philosophical thoughts are merged with Confucism, Buddhism, and Taoism, which are regarded as the start of Xin-ism. Chen’s theory does not form an overall framework like Two Chengs and Zhu Xi. It aims to influence people with his own meditation and lifestyle than to convince others via dictation. Chen’s philosophy is full of poetry, rooted in ‘come without force’ and ended with ‘being natural’. Rather, it’s backboned by a character of ‘Static’. The ‘Static’ does not refer to doing nothing, nor the nothingness. Rather, Chen’s theory is always linked to daily lives, connected to social practice. Chen listens to the intrinsic needs, trying to return to original status through ‘Static’ and then connect ‘myself’ with the very original wants and needs. Eventually, it reaches the status of ‘Self-retention’ and enjoys the world of ‘true natural joy’. Such spiritual status is not seen as escaping from the real world quoted in Daoism, but to persue the joy of nature, joy of being at work, and joy of filial and love. Chen’s philosophy had tremendous influence on the fellow philosophers such as Zhan Ruoshui and Wang Yangming, even on the entire Xin-ism in Ming Dynasty. At a modern society driven by market economy, there is a need to comprehend Chen’s ‘Static’philosophy and apply it to day-to-day lives, which is expected to make life better and improve the harmony of community. Key words Chen Xianzhang Sit quietly Silence our minds Natural