城市暴雨积涝数学模型基本理论与建立方法的分析-analysis on the basic theory and establishment method of urban rainstorm waterlogging mathematical model.docxVIP

摘要 本文简要介绍了流域及城市水文水力数学模型的基本理论及其发 展现状， 详细推导了浅水中 维和二维非恒定流基本方程，以及管网 才|恒定流的基本 )J 程，简单介绍 f 宽 191 堪溢流流量计算公式。并且， 利用这些方程和公式，建立城市暴雨积涝数学模型。 模型以二维非恒定流方程为基本控制方程，模拟城市地表径流及 刘道汇流。应用有限体积法思想，采用无结构不规则网格技术对计算 区域进行剖分，并采用分类简化的方法对方程进行简化和离散。对于 计算区域内尺度小于模型网格尺度的二级河道和排水渠涌，提出特 殊通道的处理方法，在二维模型中嵌套使用一维模型。模型对城市 排水管网进行合理化概化，采用一维非恒定流方程进行模拟，并采用 窄缝法处理管网中有压流动与明渠流动共存的现象。模型将水力 计算与气象服务相结合，采用雨量站观测或中尺度数值预报的降雨量 作为模型的降雨边界条件，使模型更具实用价值。 利用上述的基本理论和方法，建立了天津市暴雨积涝数学模型， 并利用天津市 1995 年 8 月 16 17 日和 1998 年 4 月 22 日两批暴雨资 料，分别对模型进行了调试和验证，结果显示，模型的精度较高。这 表明，模型的基本理论是正确的，建立方法基本可行。模型己被天津 市气象科学研究所验收，并将向全国其它城市推广使用，具有广泛的 实用价值和社会经济效益。 关键词 z 数学模型，城市暴雨积涝，非恒定流，有限体积法， 无结构不规则网格，特殊通道，窄缝法 ABSTRACT ηle basic theo巧r and the development of hydrological and hydraulic mathematical models in basin areas and urban 缸eas are briefly introduced in this paper. One and two-dimensional unsteady _ flow equations in shallow water and one-dimensional unsteady flow cqllatìons in drainage pipes are deduced in detail，and the discharge formula of the broad-crested weir is also simply introduced. AII this eqllations and formulas 町e the base of the mathematical model on urban rainsto口n water logging ln the model the two-dimensional unsteady flow equations ar巳 adopted to simulate overland runoff and river flow. According to the limited volume method ，the whole complltation area is divided into irreglll缸 and nons位uctural meshes. The basic control equations are differently simplified and then discretized in different cases. A method of special passage is brought forward to deal with the second缸y nvers ， whose scales are smaller than that of meshes. This method solves well the problem of nesting the one-dimensional model in the two-dimensional model. The urban drainage pipes are simplified according to the meshes and the flow in them is simulatcd by one-dimensional unsteady flow equations. The open slot method is used to unify the pressure flow and free-surface flow in the pipe哩. The model is connected with the meteorological serves and uses precip