第十六章节抗癫痫药.pptVIP

Factors Affecting the Form of a Seizure  影响癫痫发作形式的因素 Location of the cells that initiate the electrical discharge Neural pathways that are stimulated by the initial volley of electrical impulses Classification of Seizures癫痫发作的类型 Generalized seizures Begin in one area of the brain and rapidly spread throughout both hemispheres of the brain Partial seizures or focal seizures Involve one area of the brain and do not spread throughout the entire organ Classification Classification Classification of Generalized Seizures全身发作的类型 Tonic–clonic seizures (grand mal seizures) Absence seizures (petit mal seizures) Myoclonic seizures Febrile seizures Status epilepticus Classification of Partial Seizures局部发作的类型 Simple partial seizures Occur in a single area of the brain and may involve a single muscle movement or sensory alteration Complex partial seizures Involve complex sensory changes Motor changes may include involuntary urination, chewing motions, diarrhea, etc. Drugs for Treating Tonic–Clonic Seizures 治疗强直-阵挛发作的药物 Hydantoins Barbiturates Barbiturate-like drugs Sites of Action of Drugs Used to Treat Various Forms of Epilepsy Hydantoins乙酰脲类药物 Phenytoin (Dilantin) Treats tonic–clonic seizures and status epilepticus; prevents and treats seizures after neurosurgery Ethotoin (Peganone) Controls tonic–clonic and myoclonic seizures Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) Controls short-term status epilepticus; prevents seizures after neurosurgery Hydantoins (cont.) Mephenytoin (Mesantoin) Treats tonic–clonic, myoclonic, and partial (focal) seizures in patients who do not respond to less toxic antiepileptic agents. Barbiturates and Barbiturate-Like Drugs巴比妥和巴比妥类药物 Phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal) Emergency control of status epilepticus and acute seizures; management of tonic–clonic and cortical focal seizures; treatment of simple partial seizures Primidone (Mysoline) Treatment of tonic–clonic or partial seizures Mephobarbital (Mebaral) Treatment of tonic–clonic and absence