施氮量与密度互作对春小麦生物性状和产量影响.docVIP

施氮量与密度互作对春小麦生物性状和产量影响 　　摘 要：为探讨施肥及栽培密度对春小麦生物性状和产量的影响以及春小麦生产的适宜的密度与肥力，以优质强筋小麦龙麦33号和中筋小麦克旱21号为试验材料，设置了3个肥力水平和3个密度水平，分析了在不同的肥力和密度的共同处理下这2个小麦品种的生物性状和产量的变化。结果表明：不同氮肥和密度处理下，2个小麦品种在整个生育时期的生物性状总体变化无明显规律；克旱21号和龙麦33号在中等肥力、低密度（D2E1）处理下产量最高，分别为5 508.0和5 647.5kg/hm2；在不同氮肥处理下，低密度（E1）处理产量整体较高密度（E3）处理高；在不同密度下，中等肥力（D2）处理从整体上产量较低肥力（D1）和高肥力（D3）高，其他处理间无明显规律。 　　关键词：春小麦；氮肥；密度；生物性状；产量 　　中图分类号 S512.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2015）10-44-04 　　Abstract：In order to study the effects of fertilization and planting density on biological characters and yield of spring wheat，which provides a theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation techniques of spring wheat，this experiment use high quality and strong gluten wheat Longmai 33 and medium gluten wheat Kehan21 as the experimental material，setting up 3 fertility level and density of the 3 level，and analyses changes of the two varieties on biological characters and yield under the different treatments of fertility and density.The results showed that ：under different Nitrogen and density treatments，two varieties had no obvious regularity on the biological characters in the whole growth period of wheat overall； under the middle fertility and low density（D2E1）treatment，Kehan 21 and Longmai 33 had the highest yield，which were 5 508.0 and 5 647.5kg/hm2；in the different fertilizer treatments，low density（E1）treatment was overall higherthan the high ones（E3）on the yield；under the different density treatments，the yield of the moderate fertility（D2）treatment from the overall was higher than the low ones（D1）and high ones（D3）；no obvious regularity existed between other treatments. 　　Key words：Spring wheat；Nitrogen fertility；Density；Biological characters；Yield 　　合理施用氮肥是提高氮肥利用率、增加作物产量、改善品质和减少污染的重要措施[1]。施氮量的多少直接影响着相应的施氮技术的效果，氮肥施用过多或过少都不利于小麦的生长发育，只有确定出与一定的土壤供氮能力、产量水平相一致的合理的施氮量，才能提高小麦籽粒产量以及籽粒蛋白质含量[2]。种植密度与产量密切相关，随着施肥水平提高和施肥方法的改善，种植密度与施氮量的互作效应愈加明显[3]，所以确定出适宜的种植密度与施氮量，对于小麦高产、优质、高效具有十分重要的意义。为此，笔者以优质强筋小麦龙麦33号和中筋小麦克旱21号为试验材料，设置了3个肥力水平和3个密度水平，分析了在不同肥力和密度的共同处理下这2个品种的生物