根系不同水平间距埋置秸秆对作物生长影响研究.docVIP

根系不同水平间距埋置秸秆对作物生长影响研究 　　摘 要：为了研究作物根系不同水平间距埋置秸秆对作物生长的影响，在安徽省蚌埠市五道沟水文水资源实验站开展了田间定位和对比实验。实验作物选择大白菜，实验设一个不埋置秸秆的对照组测坑，其余4组测坑秸秆埋置位置距根系水平间距分别为0、0.1m、0.2m、0.3m，通过大白菜总产出质量和对收割后的土壤土质分析对比各实验组的实验效果。结果表明，秸秆埋置位置与作物根系相距0.1m时实验组大白菜总质量最优，其值比最差组多28.6个百分点；同时，分析该组碱解氮、速效P、速效K和有机质含量，均较其他对照组均衡。实验表明，秸秆埋置位置距离作物根系0.1m位置处最有利于提高作物产量并改善土壤肥力。 　　关键词：秸秆还田；埋置位置；土壤养分 　　中图分类号 S141.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2015）09-76-03 　　Effects of the Different Levels of Crop Roots Buried Straw Spacing on Crop Growth 　　Yu Bifeng et al. 　　（Engineering Department，Anhui Agriculture University，Hefei 230036，China） 　　Abstract：In order to study the different levels of crop roots buried straw spacing effects on crop growth，field positioning and comparative experiments were carried out in Bengbu Wudaogou Hydrological experimental station. The experimental crop was cabbage. The experiment designed a group without buried straw，and the remaining four test pits buried stalk position from the root level of the pitch were 0，0.1m，0.2m，0.3m. Total output of cabbage and soil after the harvest can help to analyze the results in each experimental group.The results showed that when the position of straw and crop roots was embedded with the distance of 0.1m in the experimental group，the quality of the cabbage was the best and its value was 28.6 percentage points higher than the worst group；at the same time，the available nitrogen，available P，K and organic matter content kept balance with those in the control groups. Experiments show that the straw buried 0.1m location away from straw plant roots is at the most favorable position to increase crop production and improve soil fertility. 　　Key words：Straw returning；Embedding position；Soil nutrient 　　秸秆是农业生产系统中的一个重要的生物资源，我国秸秆资源丰富、种类多、数量大、分布广，开发利用潜力巨大，发展前景十分广阔。据统计，我国2005年产生的农业剩余物秸秆约8.4亿t[1]，其中仅有1亿t用于还田，超过3亿t被当作废弃物焚烧或扔掉。大量废弃秸秆被露天焚烧，导致严重的大气污染甚至引发火灾，造成资源浪费。国内有很多科技工作者对秸秆还田后土壤的理化性状、结构和肥力等进行了许多研究，通过长期定位实验发现，长期的秸秆还田改善了土壤的理化特性，秸秆还田后对土壤有调节地温、蓄水保墒的作用，且与化肥配合施用时效果最佳[2-5]。申源源[6]通过研究发现，秸秆还田可以改善土壤结构