半挂车车架的拓扑优化设计与研究-机械工程专业论文.docxVIP

河北 河北工业大学硕士学位论文 半挂车车架的拓扑优化设计与研究 摘要 货车的主要承载结构是车身车架，在保证刚度和强度的前提下减轻车身车架 的重量对整车性能的提高有着重要的意义。拓扑优化是现代结构优化研究领域的 前沿和热点问题，以模型整体为优化对象有利于提高整车的各项性能。 论文首先说明了拓扑优化和结构轻量化研究的必要性及国内外研究概况，分 析了拓扑优化和车辆结构轻量化的发展趋势，提出了应用拓扑优化方法对货车的 半挂车架进行轻量化设计和研究的构想。 根据优化前的车架几何模型参数建立拓扑优化的初始模型，在此基础上以结 构的柔度最小为目标，优化后的体积为约束，建立了基于变密度法的半挂车车架 拓扑优化的数学模型，利用 MD.Nastran 系统对车身车架进行了拓扑优化设计和 计算。并在此基础上结合车身车架的制造工艺和可制造化处理原则对拓扑优化结 果进行了可制造化处理，得到一个全新的车身车架。 对优化前和优化后的车架进行了性能分析和比较。建立了拓扑优化前后两种 车身车架基于实体单元的有限元计算模型，对两种车身车架在弯曲和扭转工况下 的整体应力分布及其模态频率进行计算分析。 计算结果显示，优化后车身车架相对优化前车身车架质量减少约 11.6%，取 得了较好的轻量化效果。而且弯曲和扭转工况下的最大应力相对于优化前的车架 有了很大的降低，同时模态分析显示优化后车身车架的模态频率也有所提高。从 而进一步说明了拓扑优化设计的准确性、可靠性以及现实意义。 关键词:拓扑优化，车架，有限元，轻量化 i TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION OF SEMI-TRAILER FRAME DESIGN AND RESEARCH ABSTRACT The main bearing structure of truck is vehicle frame. In the premise the stiffness and strength,it is important significance for performance improvement to reduce the weight of vehicle frame Topology optimization is the frontiers and focuses problem of the modern structure optimization research fields.The overall model as optimized object is helpful to improve the vehicle of various performance. The paper firstly explained the necessities of topological optimization and structural lightweighting to the study and domestic and international research situationstatus, analyzes topological optimization and vehicles structural lightweighting development trend, presents lightweight design and research conception for the truck semi-trailer frame with topological optimization method. Then,according to the parameters of frame geometry model before optimization,it establish topological initial optimizational model,on this basis to the minimizing of structure flexibility as objective and the volume after optimization as constraint,semi-trailer frame topology optimization mathematical model based on variable density method.And design and calculate vehicle frame with MD Nastran system.And based on topological optimization result combined with the manufacturing process