包头市城区环境放射性水平评估研究-环境工程专业论文.docxVIP

内蒙 内蒙古科技大学硕士学位论文 gas and its progeny are high.In addition,the contribution of Thorium gas and its progeny of Baotou city to internal irradiation account for 48% for overall, far higher than the national level of 25%,and is 6 times of the world level 8%.The contents of the Thorium gas and its progeny is obviously higher than other regions,which belongs to the characteristic pollutant. From the above results,it can be concluded that the public annual effective dose of Baotou city is higher than the world average,and it is equivalent to the average level of our country.The natural radioactive environment of Baotou city is safe and reliable,and do not caused bad influence on the daily life of the public.Radioactive environment of Baotou Steel and blast furnace slag dam results is significantly higher than that in urban areas of Baotou city environment,which indicating that the using process of associated mineral may resulting in increase of environmental radioactivity in only small scope of the production area ,but not produce significantly affect of Baotou city radioactive environment. Key words：Natural radioactivity；Gamma radiation dose rate；Radon,Thorium gas and its progeny；Radiation dose；Baotou City III - - 目 录 摘 要 I AbstractII 引 言 1 1 绪论 2 1.1 放射性的基本理论 2 1.1.1 放射性衰变 2 1.1.2 天然辐射和人工辐射 2 1.2 放射性对人体危害 6 1.3 国内外研究现状 7 1.3.1 国外研究现状 7 1.3.2 国内研究现状8 1.4 包头市概况 9 1.4.1 地理气候概况 9 1.4.2 自然资源概况 10 1.4.3 经济概况 10 1.5 课题研究意义、目的和内容10 1.5.1 研究意义与目的 11 1.5.2 研究内容 11 2 放射性环境质量监测 12 2.1 监测内容 12 2.2 监测方法 13 2.2.1 γ辐射剂量率 13 2.2.2 氡、钍射气及其子体α潜能值 14 2.2.3 放射性总比活度 14 2.2.4 水中核素 16 - 1 - - - PAGE 2 - 2.2.5 土壤中核素分析 16 2.3 质量保证 16 2.3.1 监测仪器 17 2.3.2 监测过程控制 17 3 包头市城区放射性环境现状 19 3.1 放射性环境调查布点 19 3.2 包头市城区整体放射性环境调查结果19 3.2.1 γ辐射空气吸收剂量率 19 3.2.2 气溶胶 22 3.2.3 沉降物 23 3.2.4 地表水 24 3.2.5 饮用水 25 3.3 重点区域补充监测 26 3.3.1 内蒙古包头放射性废物库26 3.3.2 包钢尾矿坝和高炉渣坝 30 3.2.3 中核北方核燃料元件有限公司 36 4 包头市放射性环境评价 38 4.1 放射性环境评价方法 38 4.2 放射性核素污染转移途径 38 4.3 包头城区居民分布情况38 4.4 外照射剂量 39 4.4.1 估算方法 39 4.4.2