光学-Dec-28th.pptVIP

Holography History of Holography Invented in 1948 by Dennis Gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser Leith and Upatnieks (1962) applied laser light to holography and introduced an important off-axis technique Conventional photography Conventional: 2-d version of a 3-d scene Photograph lacks depth perception or parallax Film sensitive only to radiant energy Phase relation (i.e. interference) are lost Holographic photography Hologram: Interfere wavefront of light from a scene with a reference wave Converts phase information into amplitude information Freezes and reconstruct the intricate wavefront of light that carries all the original information of the scene “holos” – Greek for whole message “graphein” – Greek for write In-line (Gabor) Hologram Recording Reference wave Object wave Intensity distribution on plate Linear development When developed the photographic plate will have a transmittance which depends on the intensity distribution in the recorded plate tb – background transmittance due to |R|2 term B – parameter which is a function of the recording an developing process Hologram reconstruction When illuminated by a coherent wave, A(x,y), known as the reconstruction wave, the optical field emerging from the transparency is, i.e. a superposition of 4 waves If A(x,y)=R(x,y), i.e. reconstruction and reference waves are identical, Hologram reconstruction Three terms in the reconstructed wave Hologram reconstruction Three terms in the reconstructed wave of the point hologram Direct, object and conjugate waves Direct, object and conjugate waves Direct wave: corresponds to zeroth order grating diffraction pattern Object wave: gives virtual image of the object (reconstructs object wavefront) – first order diffraction Conjugate wave: conjugate point, real image (not useful since image is inside-out due to negative phase angle) – first order diffraction In general, we wish to view only the object wave – the othe