变压器油流带电现象及其静电可靠性的研究-电力系统及其自动化专业论文.docxVIP

11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Y1850445 摘要 摘要 在固体/液体两相的交界面，表面的物理化学反应使双电层结构逐步形成， 一旦液体变为流动状态，则双电层结构的一部分〈扩散居)受流体扰动而随之 一起运动，在此过程中液体中有冲流电流形成，并逐渐达到动态平衡。这就是 流动起电现象。 在强迫袖循环冷却的大型变压器中，油/绝缘纸界面会发生油流带电现象被 认为是造成变压器事故的重要原因之一，尤其是对高电压等级变压器的安全运 行造成威胁。 近年来由于变压器油泄漏而引起的环境污染问题越来越严重，变压器厂商 及相关部门提出研发酶类油(植物油和合成油)以取代矿物油的建议。本文针 对已经研发出来的 4 类酶类油应用模拟变压器油道循环系统进行基于油流带电 现象的静电可靠性研究，主要包过对电荷生成电流以及电荷累积电量两方面的 指标做出鉴定。其次将其结果与标准矿物油做比较分析。 本文从理论上建立了油道模型，通过计算仿真得出油道内油/纸界丽附近的 空间电荷密度分布情况以及冲流电流的数值。分析油流带电的暂态过程布助于 理解全部物理过程，同时本文还分析了泊流速度，油氓，泊本身的特性等因素 对暂态时间常数的影响，并提出了两种方法计算暂态时间常数。 关键词z 双电层:油流带电:静电可靠性:植物油和合成油:空间电荷密度: 暂态 1I 1I Abstract ABSTRACT At a solid-liquid interface，由e physica1-chemica1 reactions lead ωthe formation of an electrica1 double layer at rest during a certain development time. Once the liquid is put in movement ，a part of 也e electrica1 double layer (the diffuse layer) convected by the flow modi命创s static equilibrium ，as a result，a streaming current develops and evolvesωreach dynamic equi1ibrium. This is 出e flow electrification phenomena In pow町 transformers cooled by forced convection， the flow electrification phenomena occurring at 由e oil/pressboard surface has been suspected to be at 址le origin of the transformer failure and is becoming one of the important factors threating the safe performance of the large power transformers. For severa1 years，wi也 environmental problem caused by leakage and incidents now becoming extremely important， the transformer manufacturers propose 由e use of 倒er oils (vegetable or synthetic). Four ester oils have been appraised wi由 m experimenta1 set-up (the small flow loop facility) for electrostatic hazard following two arteries: the generation current and the accumulated charge. Then a comparative 缸talysis of ester oi1s and minera1 oi1s was developed. h 也is con臼xt，an oil duct model w:邸 established to determine the spaωcharge density in the oil near 由e wa11 and to simulate 由e stre缸ning current in the oi1.The analysis of the transient state allows for be