试论中国境内出土塞伊玛―图尔宾诺式倒钩铜矛.docVIP

试论中国境内出土塞伊玛―图尔宾诺式倒钩铜矛 　　摘 要：迄今中国境内至少发现有13件塞伊玛―图尔宾诺式倒钩铜矛，依据?f与叶结构的不同可分为A、B两型，与典型塞伊玛―图尔宾诺文化同类矛在形制特征上是有着一定的差别的。推测年代上属于齐家文化晚期及龙山文化末期阶段，绝对年代大概在公元前1800年～1600年之间。塞伊玛―图尔宾诺倒钩铜矛经天山北麓三大河流通道约公元前2000年左右进入新疆，向东传播，经河西走廊中转，以齐家文化为中介，逐渐作为文化因素的代表器物继续向东影响，北达晋陕高原包括鄂尔多斯地区，东南经关中以至中原腹地及丹江流域。中国境内发现的此类铜矛显然已不具有武器的功用，很可能属于仪礼用品。中原地区史前文化及社会对于传入的欧亚草原青铜文化并非简单的“拿来主义”，而是创造性的发明了铸造“青铜容器”的技术，并把这类青铜容器加入了“礼制”的内涵，成就了辉煌的夏商周三代青铜礼乐文明。 　　关键词： 塞伊玛―图尔宾诺； 青铜矛； 文化传播 　　Abstract：To date， at least 13 samples of the socketed bronze spearhead with a side hook， which is the representative artifact of the Seima-Turbino Culture， an early Bronze Age culture in the Eurasian Steppes， have been found in China. They can be classified into Types A and B according to the differences of the sockets and blades， both of which have some differences on the typological features from that of the spearheads of the same types of the typical Seima-Turbino Culture. Their dates are estimated to be in the late Qijia Culture or the end of the Longshan Culture， the absolute dates of which were around1800-1600 BC. The bronze spearheads of the Seima-Turbino Culture were introduced into the present-day Xinjiang in 2000 BC or so through the passages of the three river courses to the north of the Tianshan Mountains and diffused eastward via the Gansu Corridor with the Qijia Culture as the medium； its representative typological elements continued to influence eastward， reaching the Loess Plateau including the Ordos area in the north and the Danjiang River valley in the southeast through the innermost Guanzhong region. The bronze spearheads of this type found withinChina were clearly not used as weapons but very probably as ceremonial implements. To the bronze cultures introduced in from the Eurasian Steppes， the prehistoric cultures and societies in the Central Plains did not simply take them and use them， but were sifting them and utilizing them in their own ways. 　　Key words：Seima-Turbino Culture， Bronze Spearheads， Cultural Diffusion 　　塞伊玛