隧道缓倾岩层防坍方技术探讨.docVIP

隧道缓倾岩层防坍方技术探讨 　　摘要： 隧道施工，往往会出现一些反常的现象，当围岩级别好时隧道反而比围岩级别差的隧道发生坍方的概率要大些；究其原因，有未重视施工地质工作的因素，也有对支护重视不够的因素。从重视方面讲，在要穿过差围岩或断层带时，人们往往提高警惕，给以较大的注意力，支护措施也能跟上；而在围岩较好时，尤其是Ⅲ级缓顷岩层（或顺层）中，容易忽视喷射混凝土锚喷支护，对Ⅲ级围岩的光面爆破不太重视，更易发生坍方的事故。本文结合渝利铁路马鞍山隧道、石家坡隧道施工情况，探讨隧道缓倾岩层（顺层）防坍方的技术。 　　 关键词： 隧道施工节理裂隙隧道斜井 　　Abstract: the tunnel construction, often there will be some abnormal phenomenon, when good level of surrounding rock tunnel when instead of surrounding rock tunnel of poor level than the probability of soil slip happens to some bigger; Investigate its reason, have not pay attention to construction of geological work factor, have not enough attention to supporting the factors. From talking about the attention, through the surrounding rock in poor or fault belt, people often alert, given the attention of the larger, supporting measures can also keep up with; And in the surrounding rock is good, especially Ⅲ level slow hectares of strata (or along the layer), easy to ignore rockbolt and shotcrete, Ⅲ level of the surrounding rock of smooth blasting dont value, the accident occurred more soil slip. Combining with the chongqing railway tunnel, the ma on shan ShiGuPo tunnel construction, this paper discusses the soft-hard interbedding rock tunnel (bedding) prevent soil slip technology. 　　Keywords: tunnel construction joints and fissures tunnel shafts 　　 　　 　　 一、工程概况 　　渝利铁路Ⅲ标的隧道有不少洞身均穿越侏罗系中、下统泥岩、页岩夹砂岩，岩体节理、裂隙较发育，多段存在顺层偏压问题，隧道区属丘陵地貌，洞身基岩岩性为泥岩夹砂岩，砂岩等。薄厚层至中厚层状，质软。岩层产状平缓，陡倾节理发育。泥岩、砂岩岩质软，缓倾岩层围岩稳定性差，隧道顶部易掉快，坍方，侧壁有时会失稳。以位于重庆涪陵长江两岸的马鞍山隧道和石家坡隧道较为典型。 　　马鞍山隧道隧道设计全长5933m，隧道址区属中～深??割侵蚀，剥蚀低山貌，地形起伏较大，覆盖层主要为第四系全新统坡残积粘性及崩积层块，碎石土，下伏地层主要为侏罗系中统页岩、泥砂夹砂岩、砂岩，位于珍溪向斜南东翼，岩层为单斜构造，受区域地质构造影响，层理产状起伏较大，岩体较破碎， 　　节理发育，表层全、强风化带厚 　　为1～6m。隧道进口有危岩落石， 　　出口段线路右侧为顺层偏压段， 　　地下水无侵蚀性，环境作用等 　　级为T2。预测隧道正常涌水量 　　为13150m3/d。马鞍山隧道Ⅲ级围岩共5660m、大多为缓顷岩层和顺层。Ⅳ级围岩150m、Ⅴ级围岩123m。 　　 石家坡隧道全长3001米，其中Ⅲ级围岩2375米。址区属构造剥蚀丘陵地貌，上覆第四系洪积坡、残积坡粉质黏土，通过侏罗系中统上沙溪庙组、下沙溪庙组泥岩夹砂岩、砂岩，岩层强风化层厚2～5m，质较软，洞身于DK116+785 穿越珍溪向斜。轴向N32°E 左右，两翼不对称，轴部平缓开阔，北西翼倾角12～37°，东南翼4～13°，节