东北满族民居的文化涵化研究-建筑历史与理论专业论文.docxVIP

要 民居是综合反映自然环境、社会形态、经济生活、民族文化等因素影响 的建筑物，而居住文化是在此基础上生成的。所以，各民族的居住文化是在 各民族社会文化的背景下保存下来的，又随着时代的发展不断地发生变化。 其中，东北满族由于多民族融和的民族源流特征，造成其民居发展体系的多 变、与非独立的发展过程。而且，在整个民居的发展过程中，来源其他民族 的外来文化对其民居演变的影响甚至大于本民族文化的影响。我们把这种由 两个或两个以上不同文化体系问持续接触、影响而造成的一方或双方的原有 文化的变迁称之为文化的涵化。以往的东北满族民居研究都只是从自然环境 等方面的因素进行分析，而缺乏从文化涵化及民族文化等方面对民居的研 究，这样就会造成对满族民居理解的局限性。本文以此为视角对文化涵化作 用下的东北满族民居加以研究和论述。 论文首先从东北满族民居中所蕴含的文化涵化现象入手，深入地论述了 在东北满族民居的院落形制、构筑形态及室内布局等几个方面上体现出的文 化涵化现象。其次，从文化涵化的特征角度，分析了涵化的特性与东北满族 民居演进的关系，并对东北满族民居的构筑观念、构筑形态和特色形制加以 阐述。最后，论述了东北满族民居文化涵化的原因及其对东北满族民居的影 响，从而说明文化涵化对东北满族民居形成和发展的重要意义。 本文在论述的过程中结合实际调研，参照了部分民族学的视野和研究方 法，希望能为东北满族民居的研究提供可借鉴的资料。 关键词 东北满族民居 文化涵化 涵化特征 涵化原因  Abstract Local-style dwelling houses reflect the features of natural and climatic environment, economic life and national culture of the area, and the inhabiting culture has been formed on these factors. Therefore, the nations inhabiting culture can be kept under the background of the nations social culture, changing constantly with the development of the times. Among them, the Northeastern Manchu’s dwelling house frameworks have changed a lot and evolved independently because of the characteristics of national source and multinational merge. Moreover, in the whole development of the local-style dwelling houses, the influence from outside culture is much greater than that of their own culture. The changes to the original culture caused by continuous contact or impact between two or more different cultural systems is called acculturation. The studies of Past Northeastern Manchu local-style dwelling houses are just based on the analyses of the factors of the natural environment and lack the researches on acculturation and the national culture, which will cause limited understanding to Manchu local-style dwelling houses. Regard this as a visual angle, this paper studies and describes the acculturation of Northeastern Manchu local-style dwelling houses. The culture contained take phenomenon start with between two parties from the people, Manc