北京邮电大学国学院大物实验声速wsh.pptVIP

振幅法 (1)Travelling wave method 行波比较法 * Measuring the speed of  sound in Air 声速的测量 物理实验中心 Sound Wave Sound wave: The propagation of mechanical oscillation in elastic materials. Sound wave is a longitudinal wave. Sound wave 20---20000 Hz Ultrasonic wave: f 20000 Hz Infrasonic wave: f 20 Hz Fundamental physical quantities: frequency, wavelength, speed, and phase. v=f λ Sound Wave Speed of sound : independent of the wave frequency determined by the mechanical properties of the medium such as temperature, elastic tensor etc. γ-绝热系数，R-摩尔气体常数，μ-空气分子的摩尔质量，T-绝对温度, T=273.15+t 返回 t=0 oC，vo＝331.45 m／s Calculate the sound speed by using the following formula, and compare the result with experimental ones: Measurement theory Speed of sound v=f λ 测出声振动频率 f 和声波的波长 λ，就可算出声波的波速 v。当然这仅仅是一种最简便的近似测量。 f------ signal generator, or the oscillograph λ----- amplitude method, the phase methods Methods Amplitude method(振幅法): 当两个换能器之间的距离,等于半波长的整数倍时将发生共振，产生共振驻波(Standing wave)现象，波幅达到极大。 Key points: d 2 cm Source: receiver Receiver signal: maximum Phase method 相位法 沿传播方向上的任何两点，其振动状态相同（相位差为2π的整数倍）时，两点间的距离应等于波长λ的整数倍，即: Key points: Source: transmitter Transmitter signal: moveless Receiver signal: moveable (2) Lissajous patterns method 李萨如图法 Lissajous patterns method (x-y mode) : 李萨如图法 返回 .声速测量仪 读数装置 压电陶瓷换能器 底座 返回 piezoelectric ceramic transducer Digital-Display-Displacement-Sensor The inherent frequency(固有频率) of the piezoelectric ceramic transducer is around 40kHz. Then adjust the frequency of the signal generator around 40kHz to maximize the output of receiving transducer，which indicates that the transducers are in resonance 下一页 Piezoelectric ceramic transducer 谐振频率的调整 改变信号发生器的频率时，看到接收端信号 *