孤独感有损身心康Loneliness is bad to your mental and physical health.docVIP

Loneliness is bad to your mental and physical health 孤独感有损身心健康 I now know why I gained more than 30 pounds in my early 20s: I was lonely. I had left my beloved alma mater upstate for graduate school and a job in the Upper Midwest. I knew no one and felt like a fish out of water. 现在我知道，在自己20岁出头时，为什么会猛增了30多磅体重了：我当时太孤独了。我告别了北方我深爱着的母校，来到美国上中西部边读研究生边工作。在那儿我举目无亲，感觉像是一条离开水的鱼。 I filled my lonely nights and days with — you guessed it — food. Anything I could get my hands on, especially candy, cookies and ice cream. Food filled the hole in my soul, at least temporarily. 在许多个黑夜和白天，我用吃东西来填充寂寞——估计你猜也猜得到。任何触手可及的东西我都会吃，尤其是糖果、曲奇和冰激淋。食物填满了我灵魂的空洞，至少暂时如此。 No matter how hard I tried, I could not rein in my out-of-control eating until I returned to New York and my family, and began dating my future husband. 不管我怎样努力，都没法摆脱业已失控的暴食，直到我回到纽约，回到家人身边，开始跟我未来的丈夫约会，这一切才停止。 Loneliness, says John T. Cacioppo, an award-winning psychologist at the University of Chicago, undermines people’s ability to self-regulate. In one experiment he cites, participants made to feel socially disconnected ate many more cookies than those made to feel socially accepted. In a real-life study of middle-aged and older adults in the Chicago 据芝加哥大学(University of Chicago)获奖无数的心理学家约翰·T·卡奇奥波(John T. Cacioppo)说，孤独感会影响人们的自我调节能力。他援引了一项试验：感觉自己与社会脱节的参试者，相比觉得受社会接纳的参试者，所吃的饼干要更多。卡奇奥波曾和同事们在芝加哥地区做过一项研究，参加试验的是中老年人，他们发现那些在加州大学洛杉矶分校孤独感量表（UCLA Loneliness Scale，一项广为使用的心理学量表）中得分较高的人，比起得分低者，所吃的高脂食物要多得多。卡奇奥波与威廉·派特里克(William Patrick)合著有内容翔实的著作——《孤独感》，在书中他写道：“坐在家中，感觉自己与世隔绝，在这种时候狂吃冰激淋或其他高脂食物，这有什么好奇怪的？我们希望通过将糖和脂肪注入大脑的愉悦中枢来纾解心中的苦闷，在此时我们毫无自制力，直接将手伸向食物。” He explained that lonely individuals tend to do whatever they can to make themselves feel better, if only for the moment. They may overeat, drink too much, smoke, speed or engage in indiscriminate sex. 他继续解释说，只要能让自己好受点，孤独的人们可以做出任何事情，哪怕只会感到片刻慰藉。他们也许会暴食、酗酒、抽烟、飙车，或者滥交。 A review of research published in 1988 found that “social isolation is on a par with high blood pressure, obesity, lack of exercise or s