三峡库区农村污水排放现状调查和分析.docVIP

三峡库区农村污水排放现状调查和分析 　　摘要：通过实地调查，对湖北省三峡库区典型流域兴山县农村污水现状进行了研究。采用排污系数法对农村生活污染物和畜禽养殖污染物负荷量进行了测算，分析了流域内农村污水排放的特征，以期为三峡库区农村污水处理设施建设提供科学依据。调查分析结果表明，典型流域内农村污染物TN、TP和COD的排放/流失总量分别为569.8、24.6、2 779.1 kg/年，其中畜禽养殖污染物排放的TN、TP和COD分别占各污染物排放/流失总量的98.79%、96.34%和89.50%;生活污水排放量从大至小依次为夏季秋季春季冬季，农村生活污水排放中夏季人均日生活污水排放量最大，为195.2 L/（d?人），冬季生活污水排放量最少，为69.0 L/（d?人）;农村生活污水中主要成分是洗涤用水，其COD浓度为218.8～509.8 mg/L，TN浓度为41.2～99.6 mg/L，NH4+-N为3.4～5.2 mg/L，TP为1.8～2.9 mg/L;畜禽养殖污水的排放量受降雨影响较大，夏季排放量最高，但是污染物浓度最低;畜禽污水中各污染物平均浓度：COD为 7 702.9 mg/L、TN为1 239.4 mg/L、TP为71.1 mg/L、NH4+-N为415.0 mg/L。畜禽粪便的排放量按从大到小的顺序排列为冬季秋季夏季春季。 　　关键词：三峡库区;兴山县;农村污水排放;排污系数法 　　中图分类号：R123.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2015）23-5843-05 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.23.013 　　Investigation and Analysis of the Rural Sewage Discharge 　　in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area 　　WANG Jia1，2，XIA Ying1，FAN Xian-peng1，WU Mao-qian1，ZHANG Fu-lin1，LIU Dong-bi1，ZHANG Ji-ming1 　　（1.Institute of Plant Protection，Soil and Fertilizer Sciences，Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Wuhan 430064，China;2.School of Resource and Environment Engineering，Wuhan University of Technology，Wuhan 430074，China） 　　Abstract： Through field investigation， we studied the rural sewage discharge status in Xingshan county， which is one of the typical area of Three Gorges Reservoir area. The rural living pollutants and livestock contaminants load were calculated by pollution discharge coefficient method， the characteristics of the rural sewage discharge in small watershed were analyzed to provide a scientific basis for the construction of rural sewage treatment facilities. The results from the investigation indicated that the total discharge or loss amount of total nitrogen （TN）， total phosphorus （TP） and chemical oxygen demand （COD） of agricultural pollution in the studied area were 569.8， 24.6， 2 779.1 kg/year， in which the total discharge or loss amount of TN， TP and COD of livestock and poultry farming accounted for 98.79%， 96.34% and 89.50%， respectively.