青藏高原藏药资源和品质评价研究进展.docVIP

青藏高原藏药资源和品质评价研究进展 　　[摘要]随着藏医药产业化的快速发展，造成藏药材资源的需求量急剧升高，加之青藏高原生态环境极其脆弱，导致常用藏药材的资源匮乏、品种短缺，同时藏药长期存在“同名异物”、“同物异名”和多基原藏药品种多等问题。目前，资源短缺、质量控制标准落后成为制约藏医药事业和藏药产业化可持续发展的两大瓶颈问题。因此，资源保护和可持续利用是藏药研究的关键，藏药资源调查和藏药标准化是目前工作的核心问题。该文就青藏高原藏药资源调查及品种整理、种质资源库的建立、野生抚育与人工繁育、质量标准规范化研究，以及用DNA条形码、1H-NMR代谢组学等新技术新方法应用诸方面进行述评，以期为解决青藏高原藏药资源保护和可持续利用、品种鉴定和质量标准化等问题提供参考。 　　[关键词]青藏高原；藏药；种质资源；品种鉴定；质量标准化；品质评价 　　[Abstract]With the development of Tibetan medicine industry， the demands for Tibetan medicine were rising sharply. In addition， with the eco-environment vulnerability of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region and the phenomenon of synonymies and homonymies in Tibetan medicine， there were a lack of resources and varieties in the clinical application of Tibetan medicine. At present， the shortage of Tibetan medicine and the inadequacy of its quality standard have become the two major problems that seriously restricted the sustainable development of Tibetan medicine industry. Therefore， it is important to develop the resources investigation and quality evaluation for Tibetan medicine， which were contribute to its resources protection and sustainable utilization. In this paper， current status of resources investigation， quality standardization， artificial breeding and germplasm resources of Tibetan medicine were presented by the integrated application of the new technologies， such as DNA barcoding and 1H-NMR， which provided a reference information for resources protection， sustainable utilization， variety identification and quality standardization of Tibetan medicine resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 　　[Key words]Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau； Tibet medicine； germplasm resource； species identification； quality standardization； quality evaluation 　　青藏高原是藏医药的发源地，藏药材的主产地，其复杂而独特的自然条件，形成了品种丰富的藏药资源[1-2]。藏药资源是藏医药事业和藏药产业可持续发展的重要前提和物质保障。近年来，随着藏医药产业化的快速发展，使藏药材资源需求量的急剧升高，加之青藏高原生态环境极其脆弱，故出现了常用藏药材的资源匮乏、品种短缺、质量问题，因此，开展藏药资源保护和合理开发利用的研究，对藏医药事业健康发展，尤其是对藏药产业化的可持续发展具有重大的战略意义[3]。 　　青藏高原地处我国西南边疆，是世界上最高的高原。海拔高，冰雪覆盖期长，气候严寒，降水量少，但日光充足