重庆市水库型饮用水源地污染源分析和生态修复.docVIP

重庆市水库型饮用水源地污染源分析和生态修复 　　摘要：以重庆市38处水库型饮用水源地为研究对象，分析了其水质现状，以及农田施肥、水土流失、畜禽养殖、底泥污染等面源污染和生活污水、生活垃圾等点源污染对水源地的影响。在严格实行污染源控制基础上，针对不同水质现状类型水库，提出了修复改善型与维持优化型等两种生态环境恢复策略，建议采取人工湿地、植被缓冲带、水土保持和水库清淤等生态修复措施，保护水库型饮用水源地。 　　关键词：水库型饮用水源地；修复改善型；维持优化型；生态修复 　　中图分类号：X171 文献标志码：A 文章编号2015 　　Pollution source analysis and ecological restoration for drinking water sources from reservoir in Chongqing City 　　LI Yuncheng1，YANG Ling2，ZHU Qiande3 　　（1.Ministry of Water Resources of the PRC，Beijing 100053，China；2.Water Resource Department of Chongqing 　　Water Resources Bureau，Chongqing 401147，China；3.State Key Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources and 　　Hydraulic Engineering Science，Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute，Nanjing 210029，China） 　　Abstract：Thirtyeight drinking water sources from reservoir in Chongqing City were selected to investigate the current water quality situation of drinking water sources from reservoirs，and the effects of nonpoint source pollution，such as agricultural fertilizer，soil erosion，livestock and poultry breeding，and sediment pollution，and point source pollution，such as sewage and garbage，on the drinking water sources from reservoir.In terms of different types of reservoirs，two strategies of restorationimprovement and maintenanceoptimization were put forward to restore the ecology in addition to the strict control on the pollution source.Ecological restoration measures and strategies were also proposed to protect the drinking water sources，such as constructed wetlands，riparian buffer zone，soil water conservation，and sediment dredge. 　　Key words：drinking water source from reservoir；restorationimprovement；maintenanceoptimization；ecological restoration 　　饮用水安全直接关系到人民群众生命健康和社会和谐稳定大局，是全面建设小康社会的物质基础与重要保障[12]。随着经济社会发展、人口增长和城市化进程加快，水资源的供需矛盾突出，饮用水源地安全形势十分严峻[3]，饮用水源地安全问题已成为制约城市社会经济发展的关键因素[46]。 　　根据社会经济发展规划，重庆市划分为都市功能核心区、都市功能拓展区、城市发展新区、渝东北生态涵养发展区、渝东南生态保护发展区五个功能区域。本文以重庆市的上述五个功能区为基本单元，研究重庆市水库型饮用水源地水质现状，甄别水库型饮用水源地污染物的主要来源，探讨五大功能区水库型饮用水源地的生态修复类型与方式