中药渣改土效果试验的研究.docVIP

中药渣改土效果试验的研究 　　摘要试验采用盆钵栽培方法,通过施入不同量的中药渣,同时配合施用适量无机肥后,种植春、秋两季玉米。观测玉米长势情况、根系活力情况、养分吸收情况、含糖量、产量以及收获后土壤理化性状的变化情况,研究中药渣的改土效果,为后期的田间试验确定合理的中药渣施用量提供理论依据。试验结果表明,中药渣对土壤理化性质有明显改善作用,其与土壤按照1∶1、1∶2、1∶3的比例添加可使土壤有机质含量增加186.0%～275.8%,且使土壤更疏松;增施中药渣促进玉米根系生长,使春、秋玉米产量分别提高81.2%、28.9%。 　　关键词中药渣;改土;效果;有机质;玉米生长 　　中图分类号S156文献标识码A文章编号 1007-5739(2010)05-0255-02 　　 　　ExperimentalStudyonEffectsofChineseMedicineResiduesonSoilAmelioration 　　CHANG Yi-junTANG Mao-huaCHENG Wei-dongWANG Dong-sheng 　　(Nanjing Vegetable Science Research Institute,Nanjing Jiangsu 210042) 　　AbstractCorn seeds were grown in spring and autumn with pots, and soil was amended by different amount of Chinese medicine residues and proper chemical fertilizers. According to growth,root activities,nutrients uptake,sugar contents,yield of corn,and changes of soil physico-chemical characteristics after harvest,the effects of Chinese medicine residues on soil amelioration were investigated,so as to provide evidence on field experimental study on reasonable applications of Chinese medicine residues in soil. Results showed that the Chinese medicine residues improved the physi-cochemical properties of soil,the contents of soil organic matter were increased by 186.0%~275.8% by adding Chinese medicine residues in proportion with soil at 1∶1,1∶2,1∶3,and the soil was more loose;The growth of corn roots were promoted by Chinese medicine residues,the yields of spring and autumn corn were increased by 81.2% and 28.9% respectively. 　　Key wordsChinese medicine residues;soil amelioration;effects;soil organic matter;growth of corn 　　 　　近年来随着小流域治理,平田整地、园区建设、高速公路两侧示范带建设的加快,很多底土(生土)裸露出地表,这些裸露的生土,土壤板结、结构差、理化性质恶劣、生物活性低、肥力贫瘠,致使作物减产,甚至出现当年绝收[1-3]。因此,如何从生物农业角度出发,将传统农业耕作技术措施与现代技术的组合配套,通过生物、物理、化学措施相结合的综合调控途径[4-6],使生土快速培肥熟化,从而达到当年高产是目前亟需解决的问题。随着我国中药事业的发展,中药渣的废弃量愈来愈大,仅南京金陵制药厂,其日产生中药渣废弃物就可达150m3,成为很大的环保隐患。然而经测定,这些废弃中药渣的营养成分丰富,是优良的有机肥来源之一。因此,科学合理地利用中药渣进行复垦地土壤的快速培肥意义重大。 　　1材料与方法 　　1.1试验材料 　　1.1.1供试土壤。a:南京市蔬菜科技园2号山头生土,黄岗土;质地为重黏土;有机质含量为0.537%,pH值为6.